The worlds population
教學(xué)目標(biāo)
教學(xué)目標(biāo)與要點(diǎn)
1．掌握且能熟練運(yùn)用有關(guān)人口的問(wèn)答：What's the population of…? It's about…
2．能快速、正確地表達(dá)任何一個(gè)數(shù)字，且能書寫正確。
3．掌握本單元的詞匯和短語(yǔ)的用法，特別是hour after hour, prefer to…rather than…, be busy doing, faster and faster等的用法。
4．學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成和用法，掌握它的否定式、肯定式、疑問(wèn)式及其簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)，及它用于賓語(yǔ)從句中與主句時(shí)態(tài)的關(guān)系。
5．認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)"Standing room only"，明白控制人口迅速增長(zhǎng)的重要性，設(shè)想一下有哪些方案可以緩解人口的快速增長(zhǎng)。
本單元詞組與日常交際用語(yǔ)
（一）本單元短語(yǔ)及詞組
slow down 下降；放慢
hour after hour 一小時(shí)又一小時(shí)，連續(xù)
multiply…by… ……乘以……
at the beginning of… 起；開(kāi)始
more and more 越來(lái)越…
prefer to…rather than… 寧愿……而不愿
rather than 寧可；是……而不……
bag one's pardon 請(qǐng)?jiān)�；�?duì)不起
be busy doing 忙著做……
for the size of the country 相對(duì)這個(gè)國(guó)家的容量
the developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家
the more developed countries 比較發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家
the developing countries 發(fā)展中國(guó)家
the less developed countries 不太發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家
slow down the population increase？ 下降人口增長(zhǎng)
standing room only 只有立足之地
produce …for… 為……生產(chǎn)
grow faster and faster 增長(zhǎng)的越來(lái)越快
one square metres of space 一平方米的地方
at the beginning of the 21st century 在21世紀(jì)初
be worth …… 值 ……
the Rolls Royce 勞斯萊斯牌轎車
（二）日常交際英語(yǔ)
購(gòu)物shopping
How much does… cost …?
It can cost as little as … yuan and as much as … yuan.
It can cost ….
It costs ….
It's worth ….
You can buy ….
表示同意和不同意Expressing agreement and disagreement
I don't agree with ….
請(qǐng)求Requests
I wasn't sure whether….
I wonder if ….
其他
What's the population of …?
教學(xué)建議一
教材內(nèi)容分析
本單元的中心問(wèn)題是當(dāng)代人們最關(guān)注的問(wèn)題之 — 人口問(wèn)題。課文“Standing room only”介紹了世界人口迅速增長(zhǎng)的狀況，所帶來(lái)的一系列問(wèn)題，如糧食緊缺、就業(yè)困難、住房緊張等，說(shuō)明控制人口增長(zhǎng)的重要性和必要性，以雄辯的事實(shí)對(duì)同學(xué)們進(jìn)行人口教育，使他們進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)到中國(guó)實(shí)行計(jì)劃生育政策的必要性和深遠(yuǎn)意義。本單元學(xué)習(xí)了數(shù)詞的表示法和讀法，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成和基本用法，詢問(wèn)人口的句型。英語(yǔ)中就人口提問(wèn)只用what，不用 how many或 how much。本單元還學(xué)習(xí)了，常用詞語(yǔ)和表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。
本單元重點(diǎn)例句及相關(guān)知識(shí)講解
1. 3，333，333，333三十三億三千三百三十三萬(wàn)三千三百三十三。
讀寫多位數(shù)時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
�。�1）1，000以上的數(shù)字，要用計(jì)數(shù)退點(diǎn)“，”。從個(gè)位開(kāi)始，每隔三位加一個(gè)逗點(diǎn)。第一個(gè)逗點(diǎn)前是thousand，第二個(gè)逗點(diǎn)前是million．第三個(gè)逗點(diǎn)前是billion（美國(guó)英語(yǔ)說(shuō)法）或thousand million（英國(guó)英語(yǔ)說(shuō)法）。
�。�2）分段之后，每段都成了l～999之間的數(shù)了，讀寫時(shí)在十位（個(gè)位）數(shù)與百位數(shù)之間加and。
�。�3）英語(yǔ)中無(wú)單獨(dú)表示“萬(wàn)”和“億”的量詞，故用ten thousand表示“一萬(wàn)”，one hundred thousand 表示“十萬(wàn)”，twenty million表示“二千萬(wàn)”，three hundred million表示“三億”。
因此，上面的數(shù)字就讀成：three billion three hundred and thirty－three million three hundred and thirty-three thousand three hundred and thirty-three。
2．What’s the population of Germany? 德國(guó)的人口是多少？
population是個(gè)集合名詞，意思是“人口；人數(shù)”，常用來(lái)指人口的總稱，在日常使用時(shí)，必須注意以下幾種用法：
�。�1）population是一個(gè)集合名詞，在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。如：
The population of Germany is about 81,000,000. 德國(guó)大約有八千一百萬(wàn)人口。
The world's population is growing faster and faster. 世界人口增長(zhǎng)越來(lái)越快。
注：如果population與分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)連用時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：
Three fifths of the population in our town are farmers. 我們鎮(zhèn)五分之三的人是農(nóng)民。
�。�2）表示“……的人口”可用the population of +地名，也可用the population in +地名，作主語(yǔ)中心詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：
The population of Canada is 28,100,000. 加拿大人口是二千八百一十萬(wàn)。
�。�3）表示某國(guó)、某城市有多少人口時(shí)，還可用… have/has a population of…結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
The city has a population of 50,000. 那座城市有五萬(wàn)人。
注：people常用于表示具體的人數(shù)，雖然people不加"s"，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。如：
How many people are there in your family? 你家有幾口人？
（4）由于population是不可數(shù)名詞，因此不用How many也不用How much進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，應(yīng)用What / How large。如：
1）What's the population of China? 中國(guó)有多少人口？
2）澳大利亞有多少人？
誤：How many is the population of Australia?
正：How large is the population of Australia?
（5）說(shuō)明人口或人數(shù)的“多”或“少”時(shí)，不用many/few/much/little修飾，而用large, big或small, thin修飾。如：
Dalian has a large population. 大連人口很多。Which country has the smallest population Canada, the USA or Australia? 加拿大、美國(guó)、澳大利亞哪個(gè)國(guó)家的人口最少？
3. I wonder if that’s a lot of people for the size of the country. 我想知道這個(gè)國(guó)家能否容的下這么多人。
句中wonder的意思是want to know，常接if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：
I wonder if it is true. 我想知道這是不是真的。
I wonder whether Tom will come. 我不曉得湯姆來(lái)不來(lái)。
句中size 是名詞，意思是“容量；尺寸；大小；面積”。如：
It was about the size of a duck’s egg. 其大小約如鴨蛋。
His shoes are Size 10. 他的鞋是十碼的。
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球大約是月球的49倍。
4. Multiply this by 365. 用365來(lái)乘它（370，000）
�。�1）multiply A by B 用B乘A。
例：6 multiplied by 5 is 30. (6×5=30)6乘5等于30。
�。�2）“乘”的另外一種表達(dá)法是times�！俺痹�英語(yǔ)中用divide表示。
例：6 times 5 is (are) 30. 30 divided by 5 is 6.
(6×5=30) 6乘5等于30。(30 ÷ 5=6) 30除以等于6。
（3）句中by是介詞，意思是“相差”指程度。如：
He is taller than I by a head. 他比我高一個(gè)頭。
“……+by+數(shù)字或倍數(shù)+……”在本句型中有比較級(jí)出現(xiàn)或有表示增減意義的動(dòng)詞或分詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)，by后表示的都是凈增減的數(shù)或增加的倍數(shù)。如：
A is by 2 inches longer than B. A比B長(zhǎng)二吋。
300 increased by 200 is 500. 300加200等于500。
900 decreased by 100 is 800. 900減100等于800。
注意如果句中用go up（上升）代替increase時(shí)，就不能用by。
5．The world’s population is growing faster and faster．世界人口增長(zhǎng)得越來(lái)越快。
the world’s population還可以說(shuō)成：the population of the world／the world population這三種說(shuō)法都譯為“世界人口”，只是表達(dá)形式不同。第一種說(shuō)法是名詞所有格作定語(yǔ)；第二種說(shuō)法是“of屬格”作定語(yǔ)；第三種說(shuō)法是名詞作定語(yǔ)。注意，如說(shuō)“中國(guó)人口”，應(yīng)說(shuō)：the population of China或the China’s population。但不能用表示“某國(guó)”的形容詞作定語(yǔ)，即不能說(shuō)the Chinese population，因?yàn)樾稳菰~Chinese（中國(guó)的）French（法國(guó)的）German（德國(guó)的）等不表示所屬關(guān)系。
形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)連用表示“越來(lái)越……”，例如：
English is becoming more and more important．She studies English harder and harder．Her score is becoming better and better．英語(yǔ)變得越來(lái)越重要。她學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)越來(lái)越用功。她的成績(jī)?cè)絹?lái)越好
6．People say that by the year 2010, it may be seven billion.
人們認(rèn)為到2010年，人口將達(dá)70億。
�。�1） 句中by the year 2010是“到2010年”的意思。相關(guān) by的短語(yǔ)有：by the end of…到……末為止，只用來(lái)表示時(shí)間，常與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用，也可用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。與之相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)有：
at the end of在……末，在……末端（盡頭），可以表示時(shí)間，也可表示地點(diǎn)，常與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用。
to the end到（某一）終點(diǎn)為止，可表示時(shí)間，也可表示地點(diǎn)，指時(shí)間常用till代替to。
in the end最終、終于，相當(dāng)于at last或 finally。
【例】1）We had learned eleven English songs by the end of last term．We had an English songs exam at the end of last month．He stayed there till(to) the end of last month．
到上學(xué)期末，我們已學(xué)了十一首英語(yǔ)歌曲。上月末我們進(jìn)行了一場(chǎng)英語(yǔ)歌考試。他在那兒一直呆到上月月底。
2）You can find the post office at the end of this street．Go down that street to the end and you will find the hospital．
在這條街的盡頭，你會(huì)找到郵局的。沿著那條街走到底，你會(huì)找到那所醫(yī)院的。
�。�2）by還可表達(dá)下列意思：
by在……旁邊
The writer often saw an old man fish by the lake. 作者經(jīng)�？匆�(jiàn)一位老者在湖邊釣魚。
by使用……工具
Miss Smith goes to work by car but she is sometimes late. Smith小姐開(kāi)車上班但有時(shí)她還是遲到。
by：由……，被……，表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
This book was written by my father in 1998.這本書是由我父親在于1998年寫的。
by the end of…到……底為止，它不是指在某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，而是指某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間之前或到某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間為止是一種什么情況。強(qiáng)調(diào)的是狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。其后接表示時(shí)間的名詞并與之構(gòu)成時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：
He will be 16 years old by the end of next month. 他到下個(gè)月底就16歲了。
7．That means that in about 600 years, there will be standing room only on the earth．這意味著大約600年后，地球上將只有立足之地。
�。�1）副詞only一般放在它所修飾的詞或短語(yǔ)之前。否則，就會(huì)引起句意的不同。
例：Only Tom drives the new car on Sunday．只有Tom在周日開(kāi)新車。
Tom only drives the new car on Sunday．周日Tom只開(kāi)開(kāi)新車，而不做別的事。
Tom drives only the new car on Sunday．Tom在周日只開(kāi)新的車子。
Tom drives the new car only Sunday．Tom只有在周日才開(kāi)新車。
（2）standing在這里是動(dòng)名詞，“站的地方；立足之地”。作room的定語(yǔ)，整個(gè)短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于room for standing only. -ing形式修飾名詞表示用途的情況還有：
waiting room 候車室
walking stick 拐棍，手杖
fishing pole 釣魚竿
�。�3）此處的room表示“空間”，是個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于space。常用于“There be句型”和“make room for sb．”，“take up much／little room”等短語(yǔ)中。
例：This table takes up too much room of his bedroom．
這張桌子占了他臥室里太多的空間（地方）。
本句中有兩個(gè)that，但作用意思完全不同。前者為指示代詞，指代上文中所講人口增長(zhǎng)的嚴(yán)峻形勢(shì)，作主語(yǔ)，意為“這種情況”；后者為連詞，引導(dǎo)means后的賓語(yǔ)從句，無(wú)詞義。
�。�4）in／after／later這三個(gè)詞均可表示“在……之后”的意思，其用法及區(qū)別是：
in作為介詞，后跟一段時(shí)間，表示從現(xiàn)在算起的“一段時(shí)間之后”，常用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。例如：
l）I’ll come back in a minute．我一會(huì)兒就回來(lái)。
2）What will happen in a hundred years？100年后會(huì)發(fā)生什么事呢？
after也是介詞，表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)起的若干時(shí)間之后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)，不可用于將來(lái)時(shí)。但是，在表示某一具體時(shí)間或某一具體事件之后，則用在將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)中。例如：
1）He came back after two years．他兩年后回來(lái)了。
2）After three days Wang Hai found his bike．三天后王海找到了他的自行車。
3）After the meeting, we’ll discuss it．會(huì)議后，我們將討論這件事。
4）We will get there after two o’clock．兩點(diǎn)鐘后，我們將到那里。
later是副詞，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，既能以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為基準(zhǔn)，也能以現(xiàn)在為基準(zhǔn)，因此可用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。例如：
1）Later, he was interested in science．后來(lái)，他對(duì)自然科學(xué)發(fā)生了興趣。
2）The radio says the sun will come out later．廣播說(shuō)太陽(yáng)過(guò)一會(huì)兒就會(huì)出來(lái)。
注意：“一段時(shí)間 + later”是副詞詞組，表示“若干時(shí)間以后”，有兩種用法：
�、� 用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，表示“從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間算起，過(guò)若干時(shí)間后”，與“after+段時(shí)間”意思相同。例如：Half an hour later she woke up and began to cry．半個(gè)小時(shí)后她醒了，開(kāi)始哭起來(lái)。
�、� 用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，表示“從將來(lái)的某一時(shí)間算起，過(guò)若干時(shí)間后”。例如：He will go there on May 1, and will go there again a few days later．五月一日他將到那兒，幾天后他還要再去那兒。
8．I don't agree with you two．我不同意你們兩人（的觀點(diǎn)）。
句中agree是“同意；取得一致意見(jiàn)”的意思。agree作及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，后面通常跟名詞、不定式或that引起的從句作賓語(yǔ)。其可以單獨(dú)使用，也可以和介詞to，with，on等連用，agree on常用在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，以事物作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示“（某事）是大家都同意的”意思，有時(shí)on也可以省略。
【例】
�。�1）Can we agree the price 我們能不能商定一個(gè)價(jià)格？
�。�2）I agree that your suggestion is quite good．
我認(rèn)為你的建議非常好。
�。�3）I really can't agree with you．
我實(shí)在不能同意你的意見(jiàn)。
�。�4）We agreed on the date for the meeting．
我們對(duì)開(kāi)會(huì)的日期取得了一致的意見(jiàn)。
�。�5）After a short time, the program was agreed (on)．
過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃大家都同意了。
（6）He has agreed to our plan for the holiday．
他已經(jīng)同意我們的假期計(jì)劃。
9. prefer v. 寧愿，更喜歡
1）跟名詞或代詞。例如：
Southerners prefer rice and northerners foods made from flour．
南方人比較愛(ài)吃米飯，北方人比較愛(ài)吃面食。
They prefer new works that sing of their life today. I prefer the view taken by Xiao Yang who like the old songs．This construction is much to be preferred.
他們更喜歡歌頌他們今天生活的新作品。我傾向于小楊的喜歡老歌的意見(jiàn)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)更好一些。
2）跟不定式。例如：
I prefer to walk there．我寧愿走路去。
But people prefer to order their dishes if they have the time．
但人們更愿意點(diǎn)菜，如果有時(shí)間的話。
At the moment they preferred not to talk about this question．
在這個(gè)時(shí)刻，他寧愿不談這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
We should have preferred to leave on the 8th, but we didn’t because we had to wait for another classmate．
我們本來(lái)更愿意在八號(hào)走的，但沒(méi)有成功，因?yàn)槲覀兊玫攘硗庖粋�(gè)同學(xué)。
3）跟V+ ing結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
I prefer standing．我情愿站著。
He preferred spending his spare time doing some serious reading.
他比較喜歡把業(yè)余時(shí)間用來(lái)認(rèn)真讀點(diǎn)書。
So you prefer living in the suburbs?
這么說(shuō)，你是更愿意住郊區(qū)了？
He preferred speaking without referring to his notes.
他喜歡不看稿子作報(bào)告。
4）跟帶不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
I should have preferred him to do it in a different way．
我倒愿意他用另一種辦法辦。
They preferred her not to go with them．
他們寧愿她不跟他們?nèi)ァ?/p>
The committee would prefer the matter to be discussed at the next morning．
委員們希望這個(gè)問(wèn)題下次會(huì)議再討論。
5）跟從句。例如：
He preferred, of course, such activities should cease.
他當(dāng)時(shí)情愿這種活動(dòng)不再繼續(xù)下去。
She preferred that we should have the discussion right after the lecture.
她更愿意我們一聽(tīng)完課就討論。
I would have preferred that we do it some other way．
我倒愿意我們采取另一種做法。
教學(xué)建議二
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)
一、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成：
would+動(dòng)詞原形或was/ were going to+動(dòng)詞原形
如：The farmers didn’t know whether they would have a good harvest.農(nóng)民們不知道他們是否會(huì)有一個(gè)好收成。
Li Mei said that she was going to visit her grandma in the country the next Sunday.李梅說(shuō)下星期天要去看望她鄉(xiāng)下的祖母。
二、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法：
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將來(lái)要看發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。具體分為：
1．主句為過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句常表示將要發(fā)生的事情。如：
Nobody knew what would happen after a hundred years. 沒(méi)有人知道一百年之后將會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。
We didn’t know whether she was going to speak at the meeting. 我們不知道她是否準(zhǔn)備在會(huì)上發(fā)言。
2．在敘述過(guò)去的事情或事情發(fā)生的經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)，用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示在當(dāng)時(shí)看將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生的事。如：
It was a Saturday afternoon. A young man named George had just left school. He was going to start to work the following week, so he decided to buy some new clothes and a new pair of shoes.一個(gè)星期六的下午，一位名叫喬治的年輕人剛離開(kāi)學(xué)校。因?yàn)樗麥?zhǔn)備下周開(kāi)始工作，所以，決定買些新衣服和一雙新鞋子。
3．過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)一般不能單獨(dú)使用。因?yàn)樗硎具^(guò)去和將來(lái)雙重的時(shí)態(tài)概念，必須有另一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)作為比較或襯托。但在一定的上下文中，也可單獨(dú)使用。例如：
That afternoon I was on my way home after three years of absence. My whole family would all come out to welcome me back, and I should see my aged and long-de-parted parents very soon．
那天下午，我在離別三年之后踏上了回家的路。我的全家都會(huì)出來(lái)迎接我，不久我即將見(jiàn)到我那分別已久的年邁父母。
三、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的其他表示法
1．在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：
They said that they were going to West Hill Farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday. 他們說(shuō)如果下星期天不下雨他們就去西山農(nóng)場(chǎng)。
The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up. 老師問(wèn)湯姆長(zhǎng)大后準(zhǔn)備干什么。
2．go, come, leave, fly, drive, arrive, start等表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)當(dāng)時(shí)按計(jì)劃或安排近期將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：
She didn’t say when she was coming again next time. 她沒(méi)說(shuō)下一次什么時(shí)候會(huì)再來(lái)。
Jim decided they were flying to England next month. 吉姆決定他們下個(gè)月坐飛機(jī)去英國(guó)。
數(shù)詞的表達(dá)法
1—20逐個(gè)熟記。
21~99：先說(shuō)“幾十”，再說(shuō)“幾”，中間加連字號(hào)。如：35—thirty-five 69—sixty-nine 。
101~999：先說(shuō)“幾百”，再加and，再加末尾兩位數(shù)或一位數(shù)。如：
226—two hundred and twenty-six
518—five hundred and eighteen
905—nine hundred and five
4位和4位以上的數(shù)字：先從后向前數(shù)，每三位數(shù)空半個(gè)阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字的位置，第一個(gè)空前為thousand（千），第二個(gè)空前為million（百萬(wàn)），第三個(gè)空前為billion（十億，美式）或thousand million（英式），然后一節(jié)一節(jié)讀出。（或每三位為一段，用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，第一個(gè)逗號(hào)前是thousand，第二個(gè)逗號(hào)前是million，第三個(gè)逗號(hào)前是billion。）如：
2 002—two thousand and two
6 000—six thousand
9 876—nine thousand，eight hundred and seventy-six
198 407—a（one）hundred and ninety-eight thousand，four hundred and seven
18 657 421—eighteen million，six hundred and fifty-seven thousand，four hundred and twenty-one
8 000 000 000—eight billion（美式）或eight thousand million（英式），如：
1 000 000 000 000—a（one）trillion（美式），a（one）billion（英式）
注意在上述這樣數(shù)詞中，hundred，thousand，million等詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：
ten thousand 一萬(wàn)
a hundred thousand 十萬(wàn)
a hundred million 一億
a thousand million 十億
a billion 十億
注意：英語(yǔ)沒(méi)有單獨(dú)表示“萬(wàn)”和“億”的單詞。表示“一萬(wàn)”要用ten thousand，表示“一千萬(wàn)”要用ten million，表示“一億”要用a hundred million。
教學(xué)建議三
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的教學(xué)建議
本單元的語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)是過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是表示對(duì)過(guò)去某一時(shí)間來(lái)說(shuō)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀況。通常用would或was/were going to+動(dòng)詞原形來(lái)表示。如：He said he would go to his hometown for the Spring Festival. 他說(shuō)他將回家鄉(xiāng)去過(guò)春節(jié)。
They told me that they would visit China the next week.他們告訴我他們下星期將訪問(wèn)中國(guó)。
She said that she was going to do some shopping the next day. 她說(shuō)她第二天將去買東西。
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)通常在以下幾種情況下使用。
1．主句為過(guò)去時(shí)，在賓語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)的事情用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。如第51課中第3部分
Make sentences中的句子：
I didn’t know that they would be able to buy another car.
My uncle never knew that a car would cost more than a house.
意思是：“我當(dāng)時(shí)不知道他們會(huì)買另一輛新車。” “我叔叔當(dāng)時(shí)不知道一輛汽車會(huì)比一幢房子貴�！�
2．在敘述過(guò)去的事情時(shí)，在當(dāng)時(shí)看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的事。如：
She was our new teacher and she would be 30 years old that year. We all liked her very much and we were going to have a party for her birthday. 她那時(shí)是我們的新老師。她那一年就到30歲了。我們非常喜歡她，打算為她舉辦一次生日聚會(huì)。
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)還有其他一些用法，教師不必講得太多，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)在初中階段僅要求理
解�？梢灾笇�(dǎo)學(xué)生把一些句子改為過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，如：
The small children did not know who filled their stockings.
The small children did not know who would fill their stockings.小孩子們不知道誰(shuí)將往他們的襪子里塞東西。
They didn't know what would be in their stockings.小孩子們不知道誰(shuí)將往他們的襪子里塞東西。
下面一組句子可供教師們作補(bǔ)充練習(xí)：
I didn't know that they would be all there. 我不知道他們都會(huì)去那兒。
They didn't know whether we would win or not. 他們不知道我們是否會(huì)取勝。
He told Jim not to worry. He would take care of Polly. 他告訴吉姆不必?fù)?dān)心，他會(huì)照看波利的。
He said he was going to send me a Christmas card. 他說(shuō)他將會(huì)給我寄一張圣誕卡。
I couldn't decide which school I would go to. 我當(dāng)時(shí)無(wú)法決定上哪一所學(xué)校。
數(shù)字讀法的教學(xué)建議
第49課重點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練大數(shù)字的讀法，除了要向?qū)W生講清楚讀多位數(shù)字要注意的規(guī)則外，還要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過(guò)練習(xí)逐漸熟練地掌握，不要急于求成。本單元話題是世界人口問(wèn)題，為訓(xùn)練多位數(shù)字的讀法提供了真實(shí)、自然的語(yǔ)言情景。
第49課第一、二部分主要是教學(xué)多位數(shù)字的引入和練習(xí)階段，可用卡片或把數(shù)字寫在黑板上的方法教學(xué)。教師應(yīng)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生總結(jié)讀數(shù)字的規(guī)律。
Number Chinese English
l0，000 一萬(wàn) ten thousand
100，000 十萬(wàn) hundred thousand
1，000，000 百萬(wàn) million
l0，000，000 千萬(wàn) ten million
l00，000，000 億 hundred million
l，000，000，000 十億 thousand million/billion
在處理第三部分Ask and answer時(shí)，可用世界地圖，從中國(guó)人口談起，如：This is China. How many people are there in China? 然后換句話問(wèn)：What's the population of China? 鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生從上下文中猜測(cè)population的詞義。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生答出：About 1,200,000,000，接下來(lái)再問(wèn)：Do you think it will grow? 等。這樣反復(fù)練習(xí)幾個(gè)國(guó)家后，再讓學(xué)生打開(kāi)書分小組做替換練習(xí)。
關(guān)于閱讀課文的教學(xué)建議
第50課課文“只有立足之地”通過(guò)介紹世界人口迅速增長(zhǎng)的狀況，說(shuō)明控制人口增長(zhǎng)的重要性和必然性。可以在讓學(xué)生打開(kāi)書前，問(wèn)一些有關(guān)問(wèn)題，如：
The world's population is growing very fast. This is a big problem.
Can anyone tell me why? 引導(dǎo)學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)到世界人口的迅速增長(zhǎng)會(huì)帶來(lái)糧食缺少，就業(yè)困難和住房緊張等問(wèn)題，并由此引出課文題目Standing room only。
在解釋課文題目時(shí)，可以讓學(xué)生打開(kāi)書看課文插圖，或通過(guò)切身體會(huì)談人口多的弊病與生活空間狹小的麻煩�？梢砸龑�(dǎo)學(xué)生通過(guò)閱讀課文理解課文題目的含義，也可以先初步了解課文題目的意思預(yù)測(cè)課文中要談到的內(nèi)容。有意識(shí)地培養(yǎng)學(xué)生利用課文題目和課文插圖預(yù)測(cè)課文內(nèi)容的能力。在閱讀課文前，可以給學(xué)生一個(gè)快速查閱(scanning)的任務(wù)，例如讓他們?cè)谝环昼妰?nèi)，從課文中找出有關(guān)世界人口增長(zhǎng)的一組數(shù)字。如：
the number of babies born in one minute
the number of babies born in one hour
the world's population two thousand years ago
the world's population in 1990
閱讀課文后，可以讓學(xué)生分組討論課文中提出的人口增長(zhǎng)的問(wèn)題，進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)到中國(guó)實(shí)行計(jì)劃生育(Family planning)政策的必要性和深遠(yuǎn)意義。也可以做角色表演(Role play)，其中一人是《中學(xué)生報(bào)》記者，另一人是人口問(wèn)題專家，小記者和專家可根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容就世界人口問(wèn)題進(jìn)行問(wèn)答，然后互換角色。還可留作家庭作業(yè)進(jìn)一步練習(xí)、鞏固。
Lesson 49 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)示例
Period: The First Period
Content: Lesson 49
Properties: Recorder; Overhead Projector; flashcards.
Teaching Objectives:
1. Let the students say the numbers.
2. Learn some new words and useful expressions.
Language focus: population, million, billion, increase, grow, What’s the population of Germany?
Teaching Procedures:
I. Showing tile teaching aims
II. Revision
Revise the numbers between 1 and 100.
III. Presentation
Use flashcards or numbers on the blackboard to revise one hundred, present a thousand in the same way. Then present ten thousand/ a hundred thousand/ a million and a billion
Give the students plenty of practice in reading these numbers. Point out the differences between English and Chinese for 10 000 and 100 000.
IV. Drill
Part 1. Play the tape for the students to listen and repeat. Show numbers on the blackboard, to give the students more practice in saying the numbers.
V. Presentation
Present more difficult numbers, then go through the model. Point out how commas are used. Let the students try to say the numbers in this exercise. Hay the tape for the students to listen and repeat.
VI. Practice
Part 3, using a map of the world, go through contents of the table. Learn the meaning of population.
For example:
1. Our city has a population of two billion.
2. What’s the population of Tianjin?
3. China has the largest population of the world.
Ask the students some questions, using the model given, e.g.: What’s the population of…? What about the population of…? Finally, get the students to ask and answer in pairs.
VII. Exercises in class
Let the students do enough practice in reading the numbers.
Have a dictation.
1. What’s the population of France? About fifty - eight million.
2. The worlds population was about 5 300 million in 1990.
3. Nine billion, eight hundred and seventy - three million, four hundred and twenty - five thousand, two hundred and sixty - one.
Work in groups
Show a picture of the numbers of World’s population. Teacher speak out the names of country or city, and ask the students speak out each number one by one in their group. And then ask the other group to practise this again. Whose sound is correct and clearly? Whose number reading is best?
VIII. Homework
1. Revise the numbers
2. Make five partners in asking the population.
Lesson 50 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)示例
Period: The Second Period
Content: Lesson 50
Properties: Recorder; Overhead Projector; Pictures.
Teaching Objectives:
1. Understand the text.
2. Learn some useful words and phrases.
Language Focus: room, hour after hour.
Teaching Procedures:
I. Showing the teaching aims
II. Revision
Get the students to revise the numbers first, then give them a dictation:
A. 173 B. 6854 C. 17 000 D.456789 E.88990 F.378565214. Finally check their answers.
III. Leading in
Ask: Do you know what the population of China or any other country in the world is? Then say: Today we're going to read about the world’s population. The world’s population is growing very fast. It is a big and serious problem. Can you tell me the reasons? Let the students discuss and help them answer with: “There isn't enough food, work for too many people. There aren't enough houses…” etc.
Let the students read the questions at the top of the page, get them to know very clearly, then ask them to read the passage quickly. And answer the questions.
IV. Reading
Get the students to look at the Exercise below:
1. How many babies are born in one hour?
2. What do you think is the greatest challenge of the world today?
3. How is the world’s population growing?
4. When was the population over 6 billion?
5. What will happen in about 600 years?
Go through the questions, then read the passage more carefully, try to find all the answers in the reading. Discuss the answers with the classmates. The students should understand the meaning of the words such as: earth, mouth, space and century from the context. Let them note the use of comparative of adjectives and adverbs in the passage. Finally check the answers with the whole class.
V. Practice
Let the students know a little more knowledge about the world’s population.
The world’s population is now over 60 billion. It's likely to reach 10 billion by the middle of the 21st century. The Third World population is rising rapidly, straining health and education systems, hitting the environment, causing explosive urban growth and complicating food supply. So population has become a serious problem. The reading passage in this lesson aims to draw the student － concern about this great world problem.
VI. Language Focus
Get the students to know how to use the following word and expressions.
1. room: I’m afraid, there is no room ( space ) for us on the bus.
This big bag takes up too much room.
Let me make room for our teacher.
2. hour after hour: The clock goes on striking hour after hour.
Peter stayed in bed day after day.
Year after year went by, she still didn't receive her son's news.
VII. Workbook
Do Exercises 2 and 3 individually, then check the answers with the whole class.
The answers to Exercise 2: about, not, Multiply by. Hour after hour, fast, developing, problem, developed, slow down.
The answers to Exercise 3: 1. hardly 2. at the beginning of 3. path 4. worth 5. Beg your pardon
VIII. Consolidation
Go through the passage again. Discuss the problems that the population explosion will bring. Get the students to use as much English as possible.
Exercises in class
Write a short passage about the population,
1. 人口問(wèn)題是世界上最大的問(wèn)題之一。
2. 人口增長(zhǎng)非�？臁�
3. 600年后，地球上將只有立足之地了。
4. 中國(guó)人口眾多。
5. 如果每個(gè)家庭只生一個(gè)孩子，問(wèn)題就會(huì)變得好多了。
Lesson 51 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)示例
Period: The Third Period
Content: Lesson 51
Properties: Recorder; Overhead Projector.
Teaching Objectives:
1. Review the comparative forms of adjectives.
2. Learn the Future - in - the Past Tense.
Language Focus:
1. Grammar
2. useful expressions: prefer to do something. rather than do sth.
Teaching Procedures:
I. Showing the teaching aims
II. Revision
Do some numbers practice orally. Then let some students retell the passage. Finally, choose one or two good students to give their own ideas about the worlds population.
III. Leading in
Say: As you know, People's life is getting better and better, more and more people want to buy cars, if you have much money, you'll buy a car. Ask: Do you think cars will become cheaper when more people buy cars? Let the students discuss this question then ask the students: What is the most expensive car in the world?
IV. Read and act
Let the students read the dialogue quickly and find the answer to this question. Then check the answer with the students. Play the tape for the students to listen and repeat. Explain some language points:
1. prefer to do something…rather than do something
I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
2. agree with: They didn't agree with each other.
3. Be worth: The book is worth 100 yuan.
Then let the students read and act it out.
V. Teaching Grammar
Make up more sentences, such as: I don't know if he will come back next week.
I didn't know if he would come back the next week.
Point out the use of the Future - in - the - Past Tense in the object clause of these sentences, because the action would happen from a given past time mentioned in the main clauses. Let the students see grammar in the Appendix of the students' books.
Do some practice.
1. I didn't know if she would invite me to her birthday party.
2. He didn't tell me when he would come back.
3. She didn't say where she would go.
4. We never know that population would become a big problem.
VI. Practice
Get the students to do Exercise 3 and ask the students to do more oral practice.
VII. Workbook
Do Exercise 2 in the workbook, Fill in the blanks together. The answers are:
did…go, went, Did…buy, bought, were, found, hate, took, moved, know, was, was… crying, found
IX. Summary
Exercises in class
Rewrite the sentences using the Future - in - the - Past Tense
1. I don't know if they will make friends with me.
2. Peter asks Betty when she will decide to stop drinking.
3. Mary says that she will take good care of that baby.
4. Lily hopes that you will catch up with the class.
5. We can't find out if the policeman will find him.
IX. Homework
1. Revise the whole lesson.
2. Make up ten sentences using the Future - in - the - Past Tense.
Lesson 52 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)示例
Period: The Fourth Period
Content: Lesson 52
Properties: Recorder; Overhead Projector.
Teaching Objectives:
1. Practise listening.
2. Do the writing according to the diagram.
Teaching Procedures:
I. Showing the teaching aims
II. Revision
Choose some useful sentences from the students' homework and read them to class, then do more oral practice using the Future -in-the- Past Tense.
III. Leading in
Say: today we're going to hear about different languages in the world, and have the students look at the Exercise 1 in the workbook, read all the questions first, then read the numbers aloud. Try to guess the answers before listening.
IV. Listening
Listen to the tape and do Exercises. The answers are: 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. B7.C 8.A
Check the answers with the whole class.
V. Practice
Ask the students to look at the diagram in Part 2. Discuss it with the students, let them understand the information. Ask the students to do the exercise in pairs. Then check the answers orally. Finally get them to write down the whole passage. Pay attention to the first sentence, it means the people will not be able to find room to stand in if the population is too large. The answers are: small, slowly, quickly, faster, more, smaller, fewer, healthier
VI. Look and ask
Ask the students to look at the list of cards and let the students ask and answer in Pairs. For example: A: How much is the car? or What’s the price of the car? or How much does the car cost? B: It’s… Then discuss about why your car is the best.
VII. Presentation
Ask the students: Do you like travelling in your holiday, let the students discuss. Then tell the students we'll learn something about Sam, ask the questions:
1. Which countries would he travel to for holiday?
2. Was his plan very good?
Listen to the tape and answer the questions. Play the tape for the students to listen and repeat. Explain some language Points:
1. travel to…
Last year Sam travelled to Beijing.
2. become interested in:
He became interested in science when he was eight years old.
3. be busy doing something:
The students are busy reading English now.
VIII. Checkpoint 13
Go through Checkpoint 13 and make sure the students can understand the grammar and useful expressions.
IX. Workbook
Do Exercises 2 and 3, ask the students to do them in pairs.
Do Exercise 4. The answers are: 1. would go, would get 2 would be, would be, said, would be, received 3 decided, didn't know, would teach, said, would leave, wouldn't be 4 was, found, would use, down loaded, made
Exercises in class
Rewrite the sentences.
1. What’s the population of the world?
_________ _________ people _________ _________ in the world?
2. My home is twenty minutes on foot.
It __________________ 20 minutes to go home.
3. I forgot everything, so did Jim.
________I ________ Jim could ________ everything.
4. He was late for school, I was late, too.
He was late for school, I ________ ________ ________, ________.
X. Homework
1. Revise the whole unit.
2. Use the useful expressions to make up a story.
3. Finish off the exercises in the workbook.
探究活動(dòng)
采訪
將學(xué)生分成兩人一組。其中一人是《中學(xué)生報(bào)》記者，另一人是人口問(wèn)題專家，小記者和人口問(wèn)題專家分別根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容就世界人口問(wèn)題進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備。然后進(jìn)行問(wèn)答練習(xí)，再互換角色。
Read World Population
根據(jù)所提供的2001年7月份的世界人口數(shù)量統(tǒng)計(jì)，制作成四組投影或掛圖。進(jìn)行活動(dòng)時(shí)，將其展示在黑板上。教師將學(xué)生分成四組，讓每組學(xué)生先看一幅投影或掛圖，準(zhǔn)備快速地讀出每個(gè)國(guó)家的人口數(shù)量。然后，開(kāi)始比賽，比賽以組為單位進(jìn)行。每組學(xué)生一個(gè)接一個(gè)地讀出該組的數(shù)字，以讀得時(shí)間最短、出錯(cuò)率最少的組為勝。
World Population 6,157,400,560 (July 2001 est)
Afganistan
26,813,057
Albania
3,510,484
Algeria
31,736,053
Angola
10,366,031
Argentina
37,384,816
Armenia
3,336,100
Australia
19,357,594
Austria
8,150,835
Belgium
10,258,762
Bolivia
8,300,463
Brazil
174,468,575
Bulgaria
7,707,495
Burma
41,994,678
Cambodia
12,491,501
Camaroon
15,803,220
Canada
31,592,805
Chad
8,707,078
Chilie
15,328,467
China
1,273,111,290
Colombia
40,349,388
Costa Rica
3,773,057
Croatia
4,334,142
Cuba
11,184,023
Czech Republic
10,264,212
Denmark
5,352,815
Dominican Republic
8,581,477
Ecuador
13,183,978
Egypt
69,536,644
El Salvador
6,237,662
Ethiopia
65,891,874
Finland
5,175,783
France
59,551,227
Georgia
4,989,285
Germany
83,029,536
Ghana
19,894,014
Greece
10,623,835
Guatemala
12,974,361
Guinea
7,613,870
Honduras
6,406,052
Hong Kong
7, 210,505
Hungary
10,106,017
India
1,029,991,145
Indonesia
228,437,870
Iran
66,128,965
Iraq
23,331,985
Ireland
3,840,838
Israel
5,938,093
Italy
57,679,825
Jamacia
2,665,636
Japan
126,771,662
Jordan
5,153,378
Kazakhstan
16,731,303
Keyna
30,765,916
North Korea
21,968,228
South Korea
47,904,370
Kiwait
2,041,961
Kuryzstan
4,753,003
Laos
5,635,967
Latvia
2,385,231
Lebanon
3,627,774
Liberia
3,225,837
Libya
5,240,599
Lithuania
3,610,535
Macedonia
2,046,209
Madagascar
15,982,563
Malaysia
22,229,040
Mexico
101,879,171
Morocco
30,645,305
Mozambique
19,371,057
Nepal
25,284,463
Netherlands
15,981,472
New Zeland
3,864,129
Nicaragua
4,918,393
Niger
10,355,156
Nigeria
126,635,626
Norway
4,503,440
Oman
2,622,198
Pakistan
144,616,639
Panama
2,845,647
New Guinea
5,049,055
Paragua
5,734,139
Peru
27,483,864
Phillipines
82,841,518
Poland
38,633,912
Portugal
10,066,253
Puerto Rico
3,937,316
Romania
22,364,022
Russia
145,470,197
Rwanda
7,312,756
Saudi Arabia
22,757,092
Singapore
4,300,419
Somalia
7,488,773
South Africa
43,586,097
Spain
40,037,995
Sudan
36,080,373
Sweden
8,875,053
Switzerland
7,283,274
Syria
16,728,808
Tajikistan
6,578,681
Taiwan
22,370,461
Tanzania
36,232,074
Thailand
61,797,751
Tunisia
9,705,102
Turkey
66,493,970
Uganda
23,985,712
Ukraine
48,760,474
United Arabe Emirates
2,407,460
United Kingdom
59,647,790
United States
278,058,881
Uruguay
3,360,105
Uzbekistan
25,155,064
Venezuela
23,916,810
Vietnam
79,939,014
West Bank
2,090,713
Yemen
18,078,035
Yugoslovia
10,677,290
Zambia
9,770,199
Zimbabwe
11,365,366
【The worlds population】相關(guān)文章：
The worlds population Lesson4908-17
初三 Unit 13 The worlds population Lesson 52教案08-17
Population Control08-09
Traffic and population-交通和人口08-09
Population and Birth Control(人口和控制生育)08-09