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A doctor for animals

時(shí)間：2023-02-27 04:51:30 九年級英語教案我要投稿

教學(xué)目標(biāo)

　　1. 掌握且能運(yùn)用有關(guān)詢問某人身體狀況的日常用語，能述說健康狀況以及談?wù)摬∏楹徒o出建議或要求的日常交際用語。

　　2. 掌握本單元的詞匯和習(xí)慣用語，特別是短語make up one’s mind, as if, at least等的用法。

　　3. 進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)動詞不定式，學(xué)習(xí)用it 來充當(dāng)形式主語的用法，有時(shí)還用it 來充當(dāng)形式賓語，而真正的主語或賓語后置句末。如：I found it difficult to learn English well.

　　4. 認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)”The man who loved dogs”和”Cody saves the baby”，體會人與動物自然、友好相處的和諧。

本單元詞匯、短語及習(xí)慣用語

一、本單元所出現(xiàn)的詞組和短語

　　make up one’s mind　　　下決心

　　regard…as …　　　　　　把……當(dāng)作……；當(dāng)作

　　as if　　　　　　　　　　好像

　　at sea　　　　　　　　　在大海上

　　just as…　　　　　　　　正象；恰與……相同

　　mobile phone　　　　　　　可移動電話

　　half an hour　　　　　　　半小時(shí)

　　at all　　　　　　　　　　根本；全然

　　at least　　　　　　　　　至少；起碼

　　a doctor for animals　　　獸醫(yī)

　　wag its tail, or put its ears straight up　搖尾巴或把耳朵豎起來

　　To help animals is helping people.　幫助動物就是幫助人類。

　　make sb. do sth.　　　　　使某人做某事

　　find something about him on the internet　在網(wǎng)上找到有關(guān)他的資料

　　a pet dog named Don　　　　一條被叫做Don的愛犬

　　no matter　　　　　　　　　不管

　　before long　　　　　　　　不久

　　work on　　　　　　　　　　從事于……工作

　　be on the safe side　　　　萬無一失

　　to speak well of everyone　說別人好話

　　to complain too often　　　報(bào)怨太多

二、交際用語和句型

交際用語

　　表示肯定和不肯定 Expressing certainty and uncertainty

　　We can find ….我們能找到……。

　　喜好和厭惡 Like and dislikes

　　I like …. 我喜歡……。

　　I really love …. 我真的喜歡……。

　　I like to work with …. 我喜歡和……工作。

　　Do you like being …? 你愿意成為……嗎？

　　請求允許和應(yīng)答 Asking for permission and responses

　　— Can I ask you some questions? 我能問您一些問題嗎？

　　— Sure. 當(dāng)然可以。

主要句型

a. 陳述句

　　It is interesting to play with pets. 和寵物玩是有趣的。

　　To do the job well is not easy. 做好這項(xiàng)工作是不容易的。

　　It’s better to give than to receive. 奉獻(xiàn)總比索取好。

　　To make a mistake is human. 犯錯(cuò)誤是人之常情。

b. 疑問句

　　Is it easy to heal children? 給孩子治病容易嗎？

　　But isn’t it more important to help people than animals? 但是難到幫助人類不比幫助動物更重要嗎？

c. 否定句

　　It is not easy to learn maths well. 學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)是不容易的。

教學(xué)建議（一）

教材內(nèi)容分析

　　本單元主要學(xué)習(xí)詢問身體健康狀況、談?wù)撋眢w狀況以及對身體健康方面的一些忠告或建議、要求等的日常交際用語，還學(xué)習(xí)了一些常用語及部分同義或近義詞的用法。在學(xué)習(xí)對話的同時(shí)，復(fù)習(xí)歸納了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)不能使用過去的時(shí)間狀語。進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)了動詞不定式，學(xué)習(xí)用it 來充當(dāng)形式主語的用法。通過對課文The man who loved dogs和Cody saves the baby的學(xué)習(xí)，來體會人與動物友好相處的和諧。同時(shí)要掌握本單元的短語和習(xí)慣用語。

關(guān)于閱讀訓(xùn)練的教學(xué)建議

　　第15單元第58課與60課都是以敘事的方式，講述關(guān)于狗的故事。The man who loved dogs講述的是James Herriot做為獸醫(yī)的艱苦歷程和他對職業(yè)的奉獻(xiàn)精神。Cody saves the baby講述的是一只狗在地震時(shí)救了小主人的經(jīng)過。兩篇文章內(nèi)容除了一些生詞外，沒有出現(xiàn)較難的語法項(xiàng)目。對于這樣的語篇，可以通過教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)，提高學(xué)生的閱讀技巧和閱讀速度。并在課堂練習(xí)或課后練習(xí)時(shí)，再閱讀其他小短文，演練一下所學(xué)的方法，進(jìn)而達(dá)到學(xué)會讀大意，抓主題的快速閱讀的目的。

　　讓學(xué)生先對生詞和短語進(jìn)行熟悉，先看課后的習(xí)題或相關(guān)練習(xí)。再開始在限定的時(shí)間內(nèi)通讀全文，找出答案。再讀課文，將事件的經(jīng)過用幾句話總結(jié)一下。并找?guī)讉€(gè)同學(xué)試著復(fù)述課文，經(jīng)過幾次復(fù)述，對課文有個(gè)整體的掌握。教師應(yīng)在此時(shí)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生注意閱讀技巧，讓學(xué)生反思有哪些問題可以通過改變閱讀方式來解決。每篇文章都有重要的主題句，和一條或幾條線索，抓住了主線，其他的內(nèi)容都是作為輔助和注解出現(xiàn)的。根據(jù)此種閱讀方法，提供另外篇閱讀短文，進(jìn)行課堂練習(xí)。

dolphin

　　Long ago, dogs and horses were tamed to become man's helpers on land. Today some people believe that dolphins may become man's helpers in the sea　Proof that a dolphin can be trained to assist man appeared in 1965. The U.S. Navy used the services of a seven-foot dolphin, Tuffy.

　　Tuffy worked with divers at the Navy's Man-in-the-Sea station off the coast of California. He acted as messenger to a ten-man team whose underwater home was Sealab II, 205 feet deep.

　　Wearing a plastic harness, Tuffy carried letters in a waterproof tube. He also carried tools for the undersea workers. Tuffy learned to answer calls for help. Pretending to be lost, an aquanaut

　　would sound a buzzer. Another aquanaut would fasten one end of a line to Tuffy's harness .Tuffy would speed to the rescue.

　　More and more , it seems likely that old tales of dolphins' willingness to help man are closer to truth than to fiction .

　　1. The land animals dolphins are compared to are

　　A. oxen and horses B. dogs and cats

　　C. dogs and horses D. None of the above

　　2. The name of the trained dolphin was

　　A. Toughy B. Tuffy C. Tufty D. None of the above

　　3. The services of the dolphin were used by the

　　A. Government of California B. U.S. Army

　　C. U.S. Navy D. Scripps Institution of Oceanography

　　4. The article does not say that

　　A. the station was named Sealab II B. the station's depth was 205 feet

　　C. ten men were in the underwater team D. the men spent fifteen days at the station

　　5. For all his chores, the dolphin

　　A. wore a plastic harness B. carried a waterproof tube

　　C. carried a line D. carried tools

　　6. The signal for the dolphin's rescue chore was a

　　A. shout B. bell C. buzzer D. whistle

　　7. The purpose of the line the dolphin took was to

　　A. save the aquanaut from drowning B. lead the aquanaut back to the others

　　C. help the aquanaut to guide the dolphin D. carry a light to the aquanaut

　　8. The author suggests that this modern example makes old tales about dolphins seem

　　A. more truth than fiction B. more fiction than truth

　　C. half truth and half fiction D. entirely fiction

參考答案：

　　1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. A

Swallows

簡介

　　(1) 本文簡單介紹了燕子的生活習(xí)性。

　　(2) 對小動物的介紹一般都是從細(xì)節(jié)到它的生活習(xí)性。

　　There are different kinds of swallows. Some swallows make their homes in the sand; others build their nests under the roofs. They make their nests of earth and grass.

　　It takes them several days to build a nest. They have to work in the early morning. The swallow lays five or six eggs at a time. The mother bird sits on them, and the father bird watches by her side and gives some food to her.

　　You must not think that when swallows fly over your head, they aren't working. No! Life is work to them. The young swallows eat a lot and they are busy catching the insects for them. So they have to work from early morning till late at night. At last the young birds can fly well, but the old ones can't rest. They began to think about their second family, for they have two broods every season.

　　When the second brood can fly, too, it's time to think about going to the warmer countries, and when spring comes, they'll return.

1．注解

　　(1) swallow n. 燕子

　　(2) nest n. 巢

　　(3) roof n. 屋頂

　　(4) lay v. 產(chǎn)（卵）

　　(5) insect n. 昆蟲

　　(6) brood n. 一窩所孵的幼雛

2．．思考題

　　(1) Can you see swallows easily now? Why?

　　(2) In what way can we protect (保護(hù)) this kind of animal?

教學(xué)建議（二）

關(guān)于寫作訓(xùn)練的教學(xué)建議

　　本單元第60課的第4項(xiàng)是寫作訓(xùn)練。主要是敘述父母的職業(yè)。根據(jù)本單元關(guān)于動物的主題，這里建議寫作內(nèi)容可選擇以動物為主題。

　　動物是人類的朋友，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)愛惜它們。人與動物和平相處，世界會變得更加美好。由于近幾年保護(hù)動物的呼聲日益高漲，各國各地區(qū)分別開辟和劃分大片土地作為野生動物園，從此，野生動物有了屬于自己的家園，動物的數(shù)量和種類都相應(yīng)增加。為了便于人們觀賞海洋動物，了解海底世界，海洋館也應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。

　　請就此題材寫一篇短文，描寫你參觀海洋館的情況，及個(gè)人對此的感受。

[分析與引導(dǎo)]

　　此篇短文類似于游記，要求寫出時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、經(jīng)過和觀后感受。應(yīng)按照時(shí)間的先后順序?qū)懀瑑?nèi)容要詳略得當(dāng)，突出重點(diǎn)，特別是在“人與自然”這方面應(yīng)有所體現(xiàn)，盡力表達(dá)人與動物和平共處的和諧之美，使讀者有身臨其境之感，引起共鳴。

[范文與點(diǎn)評]

　　A visit to the world under the sea

　　Have you ever been to the world under the sea ? I have been there once.

　　It was a sunny morning. I with my father went there on a bus. It was a little far from my home. It took us about two hours to get there. After getting the tickets, we went in.

　　First, we went into a large hall. There I saw a pond with several dolphins. We were told that there would be a performance in ten minutes, so we found a good place for watching. Soon a beautiful girl came out and the performance began. The dolphins performed very well and all the people there watched carefully and such words as Wonderful, Great, Good, Cool could be heard again and again.

　　Then, we came to the touching pool. There were some small fish in it and visitors could touched them with their hands softly. And the girl working there explained their names to us. It was not easy to touch them in my life , so I played there for a long time. It was very interesting.

　　At last, when it was nearly the lunch time, it was the time for another performance of all kinds of fish and a diver. At this time many fish came here for their lunch and the diver gave them their food. The diver was a young beautiful girl and she said Hello to us with her hands. It was difficult for her to feed the fish because some of them were dangerous, especially sharks. I was worried about her all the time, but the girl did it easily and well. We could see that she had become a good friend of sharks and many other animals. We felt very excited and thanked her a lot.

　　It was a good visit and it was a good lesson for me, too. People and animals are good friends and we should live together well. I should learn from the girl feeling fish. Nothing is too difficult if we put our hearts into it. If we have a great goal, we should try to do it well and we will be the winners.

　　本文符合游記的要求，時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件及其先后順序和教益都交代的很好，特別是“人鯊共舞”場面的描寫很精彩，充分體現(xiàn)了“人與自然和諧相處”這一主題思想，讀后能使人引起共鳴，達(dá)到了教育的目的。

第57與59課對話及不定式做主語的教學(xué)建議

　　57課是以為狗看病為話題的對話，從一對父子的談話中，可以看出作為獸醫(yī)的父親對自己的職業(yè)的熱愛，以及對動物與人之間關(guān)系的理解。并引出了不定式作主語的用法。59課是母子談?wù)撫t(yī)生這一職業(yè)的對話，引出了it作為形式主語的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　建議這兩課的教學(xué)過程有機(jī)結(jié)合，巧妙地安排授課時(shí)間，完成這部分內(nèi)容的學(xué)習(xí)。先讓同學(xué)們對這兩課內(nèi)容一起預(yù)習(xí)，主要是熟悉生詞和語法。上課時(shí)，圍繞著職業(yè)的談?wù)撜归_，引出相關(guān)的教材內(nèi)容，再反復(fù)練習(xí)不定式作主語的句型。

　　可以先引導(dǎo)談?wù)撍麄儗硐脒x擇的職業(yè)，提出問題：

　　What kinds of jobs do you know?

　　What would you like to be in the future?

　　What are your parents' job?　

　　Do your parents like their job? Why or why not?

　　在適當(dāng)?shù)那闆r下提示學(xué)生一些職業(yè)的說法。對有些職業(yè)的名稱可參考下文提供的《關(guān)于職業(yè)的英語詞匯》。

　　然后讓學(xué)生熟悉對話的內(nèi)容，如通過放錄音、看影片、或閱讀教材來實(shí)現(xiàn)。再進(jìn)一步對不定式作主語的句子進(jìn)行分析：

　　To be a doctor for animals is very rewarding.

　　To help animals is helping people.

　　To do what the doctor tells you is important.

　　可以將以上兩句與下句進(jìn)行比較，突出不定式是怎樣作為主語出現(xiàn)的：

　　To many people, a pet is like one of the family.

　　可將學(xué)生分成兩組做練習(xí)。給A組一些單詞，如：

　　easy, hard, dangerous, necessary, important, difficult, useful, clever, meaningful, interesting, happy, sad, …

　　給B組一些不定式短語，如：

　　to help animal

　　to go swimming

　　to do shopping

　　to drink water

　　to kill a bird

　　to find a lost book

　　to climb the hill

　　to travel by air

　　讓B組的同學(xué)讀出不定式短語，A組同學(xué)在限定的時(shí)間內(nèi)選擇形容詞連成句，如：

　　It's meaningful to help animal.

　　It's interesting to go swimming.

　　It's necessary to drink water.

　　It's difficult to find a lost book.

　　…

　　只要回答的合情合理就可以過關(guān)，如果A組的同學(xué)都不過關(guān)，兩組交換位置，讓B組的同學(xué)來回答。注意學(xué)生們的發(fā)音及句子的敘述要完整。

關(guān)于職業(yè)的英語詞匯

　　actor 男演員

　　actress 女演員

　　singer 歌手

　　dancer 舞蹈家

　　musician 音樂家

　　pianist 鋼琴家

　　painter 畫家,油漆匠

　　teacher 教師

　　professor 教授

　　headmaster 中小學(xué)校長

　　headmistress 中小學(xué)女校長

　　headteacher 校長

　　director 導(dǎo)演

　　editor 編者

　　writer 作家

　　reporter 記者

　　announcer 廣播員

　　journalist 雜志記者

　　worker 工人

　　farmer 農(nóng)夫

　　fisherman 漁夫

　　chemist 化學(xué)家,藥劑師

　　engineer 工程師

　　explorer 探險(xiǎn)家

　　researcher 研究員

　　doctor 醫(yī)生,博士

　　nurse 護(hù)士

　　surgeon 外科醫(yī)生

　　sailor 水手

　　seaman 船員

　　pilot 飛行員,領(lǐng)航員

　　astronaut 宇航員

　　driver 駕駛員

　　athlete 運(yùn)動員

　　policeman 警察

　　detective 偵探

　　judge 法官

　　lawyer 律師

　　attorney 律師

　　cook 廚子,廚師

　　baker 面包師

　　waiter 侍者

　　waitress 女服務(wù)生

　　butcher 屠夫

　　clerk 辦事員

　　typist 打字員

　　secretary 秘書

　　salesman 售貨員,推銷員

　　shopkeeper 零售商,店主

　　bookseller 書商

　　tailor 裁縫

　　soldier 軍人

　　postman 郵差

　　mailman 郵差

　　firefighter消防人員

　　conductor 乘務(wù)員

　　librarian圖書管理員

　　baby-sitter 保姆

　　apprentice 學(xué)徒工

　　artisan 工匠

　　craftsman 工匠

　　specialist 專家

　　employer 雇主,老板

　　receptionist 接待員

　　operator 電話接線員

　　interpreter 翻譯

　　photographer 攝影師

　　playwright 劇作家

　　linguist 語言學(xué)家

　　botanist 植物學(xué)家

　　economist 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家

　　chemist 化學(xué)家

　　scientist 科學(xué)家

　　philosopher 哲學(xué)家

　　politician 政治學(xué)家

　　physicist 物理學(xué)家

　　archaeologist 考古學(xué)家

　　geologist 地質(zhì)學(xué)家

　　mathematician 數(shù)學(xué)家

　　biologist 生物學(xué)家

　　zoologist 動物學(xué)家

　　statistician 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家

　　physiologist 生理學(xué)家

　　futurologist 未來學(xué)家

　　artist 藝術(shù)家

　　composer 作曲家

　　designer 設(shè)計(jì)家

　　sculptor 雕刻家

　　designer 服裝設(shè)計(jì)師

　　model 模特

　　poet 詩人

　　merchant 商人

　　stewardess 空中小姐

　　porter 行李夫

　　architect 建筑師

　　druggist 藥劑師

　　chemist 藥劑師

　　guide 導(dǎo)游

　　dentist 牙科醫(yī)生

　　supervisor 監(jiān)工

教學(xué)建議（三）

第57課重點(diǎn)例句及相關(guān)知識的分析

　　1. Do you like being a doctor for animals? 您喜歡當(dāng)獸醫(yī)嗎？

　　句中的being 可以用to be 的形式表示。如：

　　I like to be an English teacher. 我喜歡當(dāng)一名英語教師。

　　句中a doctor for an animals 可以用an animal doctor 的形式表示。如：

　　He is a famous animal doctor from England. 他是來自英國的著名獸醫(yī)。

　　2. To be a doctor for animals is very rewarding. 當(dāng)獸醫(yī)很值得。

　　句中rewarding是形容詞，意思是“有報(bào)酬的；有用的；有益的”。如：

　　You will find this book very rewarding. 你將發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書是非常有益的。

　　3. But isn't it more important to help people than animals？難道不是幫助人比幫助動物更重要嗎？

　�。╨）本句是否定疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)。這時(shí)或是表示驚異的情緒，或是有點(diǎn)責(zé)難的口吻。有時(shí)還表示一種贊嘆，（這時(shí)用降調(diào)）。例如：I posted the letter last Monday. Haven't you got it？那封信我上星期一就寄出了，難道你沒有收到嗎？（表示驚異）

　　Didn’t you do your homework yesterday？

　　難道你昨天沒有做作業(yè)嗎？（責(zé)難）　

　（2）回答這類問句時(shí)�？隙ù鹫Z用“Yes + 肯定結(jié)構(gòu)”，否定結(jié)構(gòu)用“No + 否定結(jié)構(gòu)”。這與漢語習(xí)慣不同，要特別注意。例如：

　　“Haven't you written to Jack?”“Yes, I have.”

　　“你沒給杰克寫信嗎？”“不，我寫了�！�

　　“Didn't you tell her about the matter?”“No，I didn’t．”

　　“你沒告訴她那件事嗎？”“是的，沒告訴她�！�

　　4. To help animals is helping people. 幫助動物就是幫助人類。

　　句中helping是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，修飾people。

　　分詞有兩種，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞，一種是過去分詞。這兩種分詞在句子中能擔(dān)任的成分大體相同，主要是在意思上有主動和被動之分�，F(xiàn)在分詞一般有主動的意思，過去分詞一般有被動的意思，有時(shí)表示的時(shí)間也不相同。試看兩種分詞的主要差別。如：

　　He is a promising young man. 他是一個(gè)很有培養(yǎng)前途的青年。

　　This is a pressing problem. 這是個(gè)緊急問題。

　　He is an interesting man. 他是個(gè)有趣的人。

　　He’s very interested in the man. 他對那個(gè)男人非常感興趣。

　　The news is exciting. 這消息很激動人心。

　　We were excited to hear it. 聽了這事我們很激動。

　　5. So a pet can help a person feel less lonely. 因此寵物可以使人較少感到孤獨(dú)。

　　lonely 與alone的意思比較接近，但在使用時(shí)有所區(qū)別：

　　lonely用作形容詞，意思是“孤單的；寂寞的”。可指心靈上的寂寞，也可指偏僻的地點(diǎn)。在句中既可作表語，也可作定語。alone 可作形容詞和副詞，意思是“單獨(dú)；獨(dú)自”，不指心理上寂寞的感覺。

　　例：feel lonely（√）；a lonely traveller（√）

　　　　be alone（√）；a alone house（×）

　　She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.

　　她被帶到一個(gè)荒島上，自己居住，但她從不感到寂寞。

第58課重點(diǎn)例句及相關(guān)知識的分析

　　1. There is a famous animal doctor from England who wrote many books about animals. 一位英國著名獸醫(yī)，他寫了許多關(guān)于動物方面的書。

　　句中from England 介詞短語做定語，和who wrote many books about animals 從句做定語同時(shí)修飾doctor。

　　2. He grew up with a pet dog named Don. 他與被叫Don 的愛犬一起長大。

　　句中named 是過去分詞做定語，修飾dog。

　　named 相當(dāng)于called 或with the name，意思是“被叫做……”

　　The boy called John is my classmate. =The boy named John is my classmate. =

The boy with the name John is my classmate. 叫約翰的那個(gè)男孩是我的同學(xué)。

　　3. He made up his mind to be a vet．他下定決心要成為一名獸醫(yī)。

　　make up one’s mind是“下定決心”的意思，其后常接不定式。one’s必須和其相應(yīng)的主語保持一致。如果主語為復(fù)數(shù)，mind也要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

　　（1）I’ve made up my mind．我已決定了。

　　（2）He needs someone to make up his mind for him．他需要別人替他作決定。

　　（3）The students in Class 1 all made their minds to study hard．一班的全體同學(xué)都下定了決心要努力學(xué)習(xí)。

　　4. Before long, Herriot noticed that people in the country also had dogs as pets. 不久以后，赫里奧特注意到這兒鄉(xiāng)下的人們也把狗當(dāng)作寵物�！�

　句中before long 作“不久以后”講，切不要按字面譯為“長時(shí)間以前”或“好久以前”。如：

　　We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我們希望不久（以后）就把實(shí)驗(yàn)做完。

　　long before 作“很久以前”講。原意為“……以前很久”，故也可譯為“老早”。long before 跟before long 不同，前者在其后面可以接名詞或一個(gè)從句；當(dāng)上下文明確時(shí)，名詞或從句還可以省略。Before long 則沒有上述搭配用法。

　　They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before. 我們昨天開始做實(shí)驗(yàn)，但我們在那以前很久就已經(jīng)做準(zhǔn)備了。

　　5. They regarded their pets as members of their families. 他們把寵物視為家庭成員。

　　句中regard … as意思是“將……視為”。如：

　　I regard him as my brother. 我將他當(dāng)成我的兄弟。

　　He is regarded as the best doctor in town. 他被視為是城內(nèi)最好的醫(yī)生了。

　　6. They would go with him in his car every day as he went to the farms to heal sick animals. 當(dāng)他到農(nóng)場給生病的動物看病時(shí)，這兩條狗都坐車跟著他。

　　句中as 是連詞，意思是“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候，一面……一面”，（強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)，一般連續(xù)時(shí)間不長），如：

　　As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in. 正當(dāng)我們談?wù)摗疤┨鼓峥颂枴边@部電影時(shí)，教師進(jìn)來了。

　　The students sing as they go along. 學(xué)生們邊走邊唱。

　　When、while和as一樣都是連詞，注意它們的不同。如when“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”（一般表示動作緊接著發(fā)生）；“那時(shí)”（等立連詞，前有逗號分開）

　　I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太陽下山，那時(shí)天開始下雨了。　

　　while是“當(dāng)……時(shí)候；和……同時(shí)”（強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)發(fā)生，一般連續(xù)時(shí)間較長）

　　While I was watching TV, he was reading. 當(dāng)我在看電視的時(shí)候，他正在看書。

　　While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。

　　7. Later in his life, James Herriot wrote a lot about his experience as a country vet in Yorkshine, England. 在赫瑞爾的晚年，他根據(jù)在英國約克郡當(dāng)鄉(xiāng)村獸醫(yī)時(shí)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)寫下許多著作。

　　句中的as 是介詞，意思是“作為，當(dāng)作”。如：

　　I have come here as a journalist. 我是以記者身份到這里來的。

　　As a student, you must study hard for the people. 作為一名學(xué)生，你必須努力為人民而學(xué)習(xí)。

　　8. No matter how much he loved all kinds of animals, he loved dogs the best. 不管他多么喜歡各種各樣的動物，他還是最喜歡狗的。

　　句中no matter作連詞用，意思是“不管”。如：

　　No matter how hot it is! 不管多么熱。

　　Don’t trust him, no matter what he says or does. 他不管說什么，做什么，都不要信任他。

　　Don’t trust him, no matter what he says. 不管他說什么，你都不要信任他。

　　Don’t believe the rumour, no matter who repeats it. 不論是誰說的，都不要相信這謠言。

　　No matter where she is, I must find her. 不論她在哪兒，我都要找到她。

第60課重點(diǎn)例句及相關(guān)知識的分析

　　1. Mrs Parley said she felt as if they were in a storm at sea. 帕利太太說她覺得好象是在海上乘船遇到了風(fēng)暴似的。

　　句中as if 相當(dāng)于as though “仿佛……似的”。注意：當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，as if從句用一般過去時(shí)；當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)，as if從句用表示過去的相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)。如：

　　He speaks English as if he were an Englishman. 他說起英語來好像一個(gè)英國人似的。

　　He acted as if （as though） nothing had happened. 他表現(xiàn)得似乎沒有發(fā)生什么事。

　　She loves the child as if he were here own. 她愛這孩子如同愛自己的孩子一樣。

　　此外，as if （as though）后可以跟動詞不定式。如：

　　She raised her hand as though （as if） to hang the picture on the wall. 她舉手象要把這幅畫掛在墻上。

　　He raised his hand as though to take off his hat. 他舉起手來，像要脫帽似的。

　　2. She tried hard to reach the baby’s room… but the house broke in two, dropping her to the first floor and leaving the baby’s bed hanging in the edge of the two-story house. 他盡力地到達(dá)嬰兒房間，但是房子裂成了兩半，把她摔到了樓下，而嬰兒的小床留在上面，搭在這座二層樓的邊緣上，搖搖欲墜。

　　由dropping 和leaving 組成的兩個(gè)-ing形式短語在句中作伴隨情況狀語。如：

　　They came into the room laughing and talking. 他們說說笑笑地走進(jìn)屋來。

　　Taking a dictionary, she began to prepare her lessons. 她拿了本詞典，開始準(zhǔn)備功課。

　　3. …… just as the bed crashed to the first floor ……與此同時(shí)床墜落到了一樓。

　　4. It is true to say a dog is man’s best friend or at least Roberts best friend. 事實(shí)上說狗是人類最好的朋友，起碼是羅特的最好的朋友。

　　* 句中it是形式主語，to say a dog動詞不定式是真實(shí)主語。

　　句中it作先行代詞用。It在句中充當(dāng)形式主語或形式賓語，而將真正的和邏輯上的主語或賓語（通常用不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句表示）移到后面去。如：

　　It is very important for us to learn English. （it代替不定式to learn English做形式主語）我們學(xué)習(xí)英語是十分重要的。

　　It takes much time to carry out a test. （it 代替不定式to carry out a test作形式主語）進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)是要花費(fèi)許多時(shí)間的。

　　it 作形式賓語：在具有賓語補(bǔ)語的句子里，it在動詞后作直接賓語的先行代詞，在賓語補(bǔ)語后面再出現(xiàn)真正的直接賓語（一般以不定式短語、動名詞短語表示，但也有用that引出一個(gè)賓語從句）。如：

　　I found it a bit difficult to work in class because I kept on thinking about, the match in the afternoon. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)在課堂上學(xué)習(xí)有點(diǎn)兒難，因?yàn)槲乙恢痹谙胫挛绲谋荣悺?/p>

　　We think it useful to learn the computer well. 我們認(rèn)為學(xué)好計(jì)算機(jī)是有用的。

　　* at least 意思是“至少，起碼”。如：

　　At least I can give you ten dollars. 最少我能給你十美元。

　　at least 的反義詞是at most 意思是“至多”。

　　I can pay only fifty dollars at most. 我最多只能付五十美元。

語法講解The Infinitive

動詞不定式（三）

用作主語

　　To do the job well is not easy. 做好這工作不容易。

　　To drive fast is dangerous. 開快車是危險(xiǎn)的。

　　To learn English well is very important．學(xué)好英語是很重要的。

　　在現(xiàn)代英語中，更為普遍的是用it 來開始一個(gè)句子，作形式主語，而把真正的主語動詞不定式（或短語）放在后面。例如：

　　It’s not easy to learn a foreign language well. 學(xué)好一門外語不容易。

　　It is necessary to make a plan for this course of study．必須制定一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)這門課程的計(jì)劃。

　　It’s better to give than to receive. 奉獻(xiàn)總比索取好。

　　如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的，可以在不定式前加一個(gè)for 引起的短語：

　　It is not hard for one to do a bit of good. 對于一個(gè)人來說做點(diǎn)好事并不難。

　　在以某些形容詞（如: kind ,good ,nice ,clever, wrong, right ,foolish, wise, unwise等）作表語時(shí)，不定式前常可加一個(gè)of引起的短語，來說明不定式指的是誰的情況，如：

　　It’s kind of you to think so much of us. 你總是想著我們真是太好了。

例句：

　　To make a mistake is human. 犯錯(cuò)誤是人之常情。

　　It’s better to be the safe side. 萬無一失更好。

　　To speak well ……/ ill of everyone……說人好（壞）話……

　　To work hard is the key to success. 勤奮學(xué)習(xí)是成功的鑰匙。

Lesson 57 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)示例

Properties: Recorder, Overhead Projector

Teaching Objectives:

　　1. Understand the dialogue.

　　2. Learn some useful structures and phrases.

　　3. Learn the grammar: the Infinitive.

Language focus: like being a… , play with, a lot of fun

Teaching Procedures:

I. Showing the teaching aims

II. Revision

　　Revise the names of animals that could be kept as pets: dog, cat, snake, parrot, rabbit, fish, etc. Ask Does anyone have a pet? wWhat kinds of animals would you like to have as pets?

III. Leading in

　　Ask: What do you want to be when you grow up? Let the students discuss the question. Then give the second question: What do you want to be, a doctor for humans or a doctor for animals? Why?

IV. Presentation

　　Look at the picture in Lesson 57. The boy is sitting on the sofa. His father is talking with a dog in his hand. What did they say? Play the tape for the students to listen, check the answers with the students. Then read the dialogue and answer the questions of Exercise 1 in the workbook in pairs. Go through the dialogue and explain some language points.

　　Play the tape for the students to listen and repeat, ask the students to practise. Then let them act out the dialogue in pairs.

VI. Free practice

　　Do an example with one student. Then let the class make up their own dialogues in pairs. Get them to act out their dialogues. Ask the students to discuss the questions. Ask:

　　Do you think it's more important to help people than animals? Why?

　　What kinds of jobs do you know?

　　What would you like to be in the future?

　　What are your parents' job?

　　Do your parents like their job? Why or why not?

VI. Presentation

　　Ask the students to find the Infinitive sentences. 1. To be a doctor for animals is very rewarding. 2. To help animals is helping people. Ask the students to pay attention to the Infinitive. Give them more examples to understand better. Then go through Part 3. Choose the possible answer. Let the students master this form:

　　It is adj . + to do something / To do something is + adj .

　VII. Workbook

　　Do Exercise 3 in class. Let the students translate the sentences into Chinese.

VII. Summary

　　Exercises in class

　　Have a dictation.

　　1. Do you like being a doctor for animals?

　　2.To be a doctor for animals is very rewarding.

　　3. To help animals is helping people.

　　4. A pet can help a person feel less lonely.

　　5. To play with a pet is a lot of fun.

　　6. To complain too often isn’t a good thing.

　　7. To work hard brings success.

　　Open the books check the answers by themselves and correct their spelling mistakes.

IX. Homework

　　1. Recite the dialogue.

　　2. Pre - read in Lesson 58.
Lesson 58教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)示例

Properties: Recorder, Overhead Projector.

Teaching Objectives:

　　1. Understand the text.

　　2. Learn some useful words and expressions.

Teaching Procedures:

I. Showily the teaching aims

II. Revision

　　Check the homework. Then revise the dialogue in Lesson 57. Ask the students to act out the dialogue. Study the new words in this lesson.

III. Leading in

　　Ask the students this question: There is a famous animal doctor in England. He wrote many books about animals, what’s his name? Let the students read the text and answer the question.

IV. Reading

　　Ask the students to listen to the tape and answer the question: Which animal did Herriot like best? Then go through the questions of Exercise 1 in the workbook. Make sure they can understand them. Ask them to read the story more carefully and discuss the answers to Exercise I in the workbook in pains. Check the answers with the whole class. Deal with any grammatical or lexical problems that arise.

　　1. make up one's mind to do something

　　He has made up his mind to study English well.

　　2. go on with something: Let’s go on with our lesson.

　　3. regard . . . as

　　He regards his teacher as his mother.

V. Reeling aloud

　　Play the tape for the students to listen and repeat. Use any methods that you think suitable: repetition by the whole class, groups, pairs or individual students. Then give out some key words and phrases. Let the students retell the story.

VI. Workbook

　　Do Exercise 2. The answers are: for, grow up, into, that, made up, mind, treat, Before, treated, heal, treating, At, at, on, regarded

　　For Exercise 3. Let the students do it by themselves. Choose the best answer, then read the sentences together. Pay attention to the grammar. Let the students make up more sentences.

VII. Summary

Exercises in class

Fill in the blanks.

　　1. He made up his mind ________(study) English well.

　　2.________(treat) large animals is hard work.

　　3. Ifs hard work ________(treat) the dogs.

　　4. Please go on ________(read) the text.

　　5. He grew up with a pet dog________ (name) Don.

　　6. The dogs ________ never________(treat) when they became sick.

　　7. Everyday as he went to the farmers ________(heal) sick animals.

　　Answers: to study, Treating, to treat, reading, named, were treated, to heal

VIII. Homework

　　1. learn the phrases, make sentences with them.

　　2. Retell the story.

Lesson 59教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)示例

Properties: Recorder, Overhead Projector

Teaching Objectives:

　　1. Understand the dialogues

　　2. Learn the grammar

Language focus: the Infinitive

Teaching Procedures:

I. Showing the teaching aims

II. Revision

　　Check homework, ask two or three students to retell the story about Lesson 58.

III. Leading in

　　Give the students a topic, let them make up a dialogue. For example:Why did you become a doctor for animals?

　　What do you like best about your job?

　　Is it easy to heal sick animals?

IV. Presentation

　　Tell the students that we’ll learn a dialogue about a child’s doctor. First, ask the students to use the following dialogue in Exercise I to help them. Then work in pairs.

V. Free Practice

　　Suppose your friend is a doctor for. . . . Interview her or him about her or his job. Use the dialogue in Lesson 59 to help you, make up a new dialogue, work in pairs, then do Exercise 1.

VI. Practice

　　Part 2. Look at the picture. Say something about it. For example:

　　To be a doctor is very interesting.

　　To be a sick man is very painful.

　　To do as the doctor tells you is important.

　　Change these sentences beginning with: It’s + adj. + to do something. Go through Exercise 2, ask the students to finish changing these sentences.

VII. Workbook

Do Exercise 2. The answers are:

　　1. It’s necessary to prepare a place for the dog.

　　2. It’s good for the dog to take a walk every day。

　　3. It’s very important to keep the dog clean.

　　4. It’s not a good thing to let the dog bark at night.

　　5. It’s necessary to give the dog injections regularly.

VIII. Summary

Exercises in class

Change these sentences beginning with It is ...to...

　　1. English is difficult for me to learn well.

　　2. To say is easier than to do.

　　3. To treat large animals isn’t easy.

　　4. To take medicine on time is necessary.

　　5. To keep the classroom clean is very important.

　　6. To take a walk after supper is good for your health.

IX. Homework

　　1. Make up a new dialogue according to Lesson 59.

　　2. Finish doing Exercise 3 in the workbook.

Lesson 60 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)示例

Properties: Recorder, Overhead Projector, Pictures.

Teaching Objectives:

　　1. Listening Practice.

　　2. Learn some useful words and expressions.

Language focus:

　　be asleep, be busy with something/ be busy doing something,is if, break in two, at sea, shout to/ at. . . ,grab. . . ,in one's mouth, at least

Teaching Procedures:

I. Showing the teaching amis

II. Revision

　　Check homework first, practise some sentences using the Infinitive and ask some students to make up a dialogue.

III. Listening

　　Tell the students that there is something wrong with somebody in the listening, the doctor gives him diagnosis Prescription and some other suggestions. Listen to the text then do Exercise I in the workbook, read through the questions, play the tape again and find the answers, finally, check the answers with the whole class.

IV. Presentation

　　Tell the students today we are going to read a story about how the dog saves the baby .First the students read the text quickly, and find out what happened in the text. Then read the passage carefully, answer right or wrong. Correct the wrong statements.

V. Reading aloud

　　Play the tape for the students to listen and repeat. Explain some language points.

　　1. be busy with / be busy doing

　　I am busy with my homework.

　　I am busy doing my homework.

　　2. as if She felt as if she was in a storm.

　　Get the students to do Exercise 3 in the workbook.

VI. Practice

　　Ask the students to read the proverbs below and understand the meanings of them, suggested infinitives to make your own proverbs.

VII. Write

　　Workbook Exercise 4. Write a report about what your parents do. First give the students an example, then ask them to do it.

VIII. Checkpoint

　　Go through Checkpoint 15. Explain something if necessary. Spend some time on the useful expressions.

IX. Workbook

　　Ask the students to do Exercises 4 and 5. Pay attention lo the use of the Infinitive

X. Summary

Exercise in class

Complete the following sentences.

　　1. The animals can't find____________________(足夠吃的食物).

　　2.You need ____________________(一些喝的) , don’t you?

　　3. Li Lei has got___________________. （一些有趣的事要告訴我的）

　　4. Ifs very important ____________________ (好好休息) .

　　5.____________________(做早操)is very important every day.

　　6.Ifs good____________________(多喝水).

　　7.You’d better (吃些藥)

XI. Homework

　　1. Revise the contents of the whole unit.

　　2. Retell the story.

　　3. Finish the exercises in the workbook.

探究活動（一）

Kidom and his dog Vick

　　One day, Kidom and his friend Dick went to the river fishing, Kidom took his dog Vick with him. But now and then, when the dog saw a small animal or a bird, he would run after it and try to catch it. Dick hated the dog very much because the dog frightened the fish away. “Why do you bring your dog here?” said Dick to Kidom.” He is running here and there. All the fish are frightened and swim away.

　　Just then Dick shouted, “Wait, fish is biting my line. I can feel it.” Dick was very glad. He forgot the danger. He went to pull the line. The boy fell down into the water. “Help! Help! I can’t swim.” Dick shouted, up and down in the river.

　　But Kidom could not swim, either. Just then Vick came up. The dog jumped into the water and pulled Dick onto the dry land by biting Dick’s shirt with his teeth. Dick was saved. He was still holding the line in his hand. On its end was a big fish.

注釋：（1）went to the river fishing　去河釣魚

　　　（2）fell down into the water　掉進(jìn)水里　

　　�。�3）up and down in the river　在河里上下掙扎

　　　（4）by biting Dick’s shirt with his teeth　用它的牙咬住迪克的上衣

Swallows

　　There are different kinds of swallows. Some swallows make their homes in the sand; others build their nests under the roofs. They make their nests of earth and grass.

　　When the second brood can fly, too, it's time to think about going to the warmer countries, and when spring comes, they'll return.

1．注解

　　(1) swallow n. 燕子

　　(2) nest n. 巢

　　(3) roof n. 屋頂

　　(4) lay v. 產(chǎn)（卵）

　　(5) insect n. 昆蟲

　　(6) brood n. 一窩所孵的幼雛

2．思考題

　　(1) Can you see swallows easily now? Why?

　　(2) In what way can we protect (保護(hù)) this kind of animal?

dolphin

　　Long ago, dogs and horses were tamed to become man's helpers on land. Today some people believe that dolphins may become man's helpers in the sea .

　　Proof that a dolphin can be trained to assist man appeared in 1965. The U.S. Navy used the　services of a seven-foot dolphin, Tuffy.

　　Tuffy worked with divers at the Navy's Man-in-the-Sea station off the coast of California. He acted as messenger to a ten-man team whose underwater home was Sealab II, 205 feet deep.

　　Wearing a plastic harness, Tuffy carried letters in a waterproof tube. He also carried tools for the undersea workers. Tuffy learned to answer calls for help. Pretending to be lost, an aquanaut would sound a buzzer. Another aquanaut would fasten one end of a line to Tuffy's harness .Tuffy would speed to the rescue.

　　More and more , it seems likely that old tales of dolphins' willingness to help man are closer to truth than to fiction .

1. The land animals dolphins are compared to are

　　A. oxen and horses　　　B. dogs and cats

　　C. dogs and horses　　　D. None of the above

2. The name of the trained dolphin was

　　A. Toughy　B. Tuffy　C. Tufty　D. None of the above

3. The services of the dolphin were used by the

　　A. Government of California　　B. U.S. Army

　　C. U.S. Navy　　　　　D. Scripps Institution of Oceanography

4. The article does not say that

　　A. the station was named Sealab II　B. the station's depth was 205 feet

　　C. ten men were in the underwater team　D. the men spent fifteen days at the station

5. For all his chores, the dolphin

　　A. wore a plastic harness　　B. carried a waterproof tube

　　C. carried a line　　　　　　D. carried tools

6. The signal for the dolphin's rescue chore was a

　　A. shout　　B. bell　　C. buzzer　　D. whistle

7. The purpose of the line the dolphin took was to

　　A. save the aquanaut from drowning

　　B. lead the aquanaut back to the others

　　C. help the aquanaut to guide the dolphin

　　D. carry a light to the aquanaut

8. The author suggests that this modern example makes old tales about dolphins seem

　　A. more truth than fiction　　　　B. more fiction than truth

　　C. half truth and half fiction　　D. entirely fiction

參考答案：

　　1. C　2. B　3. C　4. D　5. A　6. C　7. B　8. A

探究活動（二）

Health

　　As regard health, I have nothing useful to say since I have little experience of illness. I eat and drink whatever I like, and sleep when I cannot keep awake. I never do anything whatever on the ground(實(shí)際上) that it is good for health, though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome(有益健康的).

　　Psychologically(從心理方面) there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption(不適當(dāng)?shù)拿詰? in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One's thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; one's own past is gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that one's emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one's mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true.

Saint Bernard dogs

　　The famous Saint Bernard dogs have saved many travelers lost in storms on the Alps. The dogs' home is a travelers' shelter kept by Augustinian monks. It stands at the highest point of the Great Saint Bernard Pass. For hundreds of years the pass has been used for travel between Switzerland and Italy. The journey was often dangerous.

　　Snow and ice still block the pass for months. But the dogs are no longer needed to search it after a storm. In 1964 the Great Saint Bernard Tunnel was opened for motor transport. The tunnel, only three and a half miles long, was the first alpine tunnel for road traffic.

　　Motorists are not the only users of the Great Saint Bernard Tunnel. Observers report that swallows now take the tunnel route. It has become part of their spring flyway as they migrate north from Italy .

1. The Saint Bernard dogs became famous for

　　A. living in a shelter　　　　B. guiding climbers

　　C. saving travelers’ lives　 D. having shaggy coats

2. The dogs are kept by

　　A. the Swiss government　　　　B. Augustinian monks　

　　C. the Alpine Club of London　 D. Franciscan monks

3. The Great Saint Bernard Pass is a route between

　　A. France and Switzerland　　B. Italy and Switzerland

　　C. Switzerland and Austria　 D. Switzerland and Germany

4. The Great Saint Bernard Tunnel has lessened the dangers of the route because

　　A. travelers no longer use the pass itself

　　B. the pass is now kept open all winter

　　C. dogs can patrol the tunnel more easily

　　D. All of the above

5. The selection states that this tunnel

　　A. was opened in 1964 B. is 3.5 miles long

　　C. was the first road tunnel through the Alps D. All of the above

6. The birds using the tunnel during their spring migration are

　　A. cranes B. sparrows C. storks D. swallows

7. Their use of the tunnel shows that they

　　A. can change a flyway for easier flights B. like to follow cars

　　C. find flying over the Alps easy D. intend to build nests in Switzerland

參考答案：

　　C　B　B　A　D　D　A

Teenagers need friends

　　Many teenagers feel that the most important people in their lives are their friends. They believe that their family members, and in particular their parents, don’t know them as well as their friends do. In large families, it is quite often for brothers and sisters to fight with each other and then they can only go to their friends for advice.

　　It is very important for teenagers to have one good friend or a circle of friends. Even when they are not with their friends, they usually spend a lot of time talking among themselves on the phone. This communication is very important in children’s growing up, because friends can discuss something difficult to say to their family members.

　　However, parents often try to choose their children’s friends for them. Some parents may even stop their children from meeting their good friends. The question of “choice” is an interesting one. Have you ever thought of the following questions?

　　Who chooses your friends?

　　Do you choose your friends or your friends choose you?

　　Have you got a good friend your parents don’t like?

　　Your answers are welcome.

探究活動（三）

關(guān)于求醫(yī)用語小結(jié)

1．?dāng)⑹霾∏?/p>

　　I'm not feeling well. /I don’t feel well. /I’m feeling very ill. /I feel ill.

　　我覺得不舒服/我覺得很難受。

　　There’s something wrong with me. /Something is wrong with me．我不舒服。

　　I’ve caught a cold. 我得了感冒。

　　I’ve got a headache. 我頭疼。