Unit 22 Britain and Ireland

教學(xué)目標(biāo)

知識目標(biāo)

I、教學(xué)目標(biāo)與要求

　　通過本單元教學(xué)，使學(xué)生掌握一些問國籍和語言的常用句型，并學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)位置關(guān)系的表達方法。閱讀課文“Britain and Ireland”和“Ireland”，讓學(xué)生了解英國和愛爾蘭的地理和歷史情況，并完成有關(guān)課文內(nèi)容的練習(xí)。

II、重點與難點

1． 重點詞匯: separate, stand for, be made up of, especially, live on ,go bad, die of, be fond of, lead a simple life, play a part in.

2． 重要句型 1).Are you English ?

　　　　　　2).The larger of the two islands is Britain, which lies to the east of Ireland.

　　　　　　3).London lies on the River Thames and has a population of seven million.

3．語法：復(fù)習(xí)已學(xué)過的語法。

4.日常交際用語 1）Are you from …?

　　　　　　　 2).Where are you from ?

　　　　　　　 3).What are you ?

　　　　　　　 4).I’m from …

能力知識

　　1．利用對話和課文訓(xùn)練學(xué)生聽、說、讀。寫的綜合能力。

　　2．能用有地理知識說明各個國家的位置及概況。

德育知識

　　1．學(xué)會關(guān)心他人，關(guān)心集體。

　　2．同學(xué)間要注意團結(jié)友愛，培養(yǎng)互幫互學(xué)的精神。

 

教學(xué)建議

課文分析

本單元的話題就是講述英國和愛爾蘭的地理位置和歷史簡況，分為兩部分：

Part 1 (Paragraphs1—6) Something about the UK

　　(Paragraphs 1—2) The letters “UK” stand for “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”.

　　(Paragraphs 3—5) Information about Wales, England, and Ireland.

　　（Paragraph 6) The weather in Britain.

Part 2 (Paragraphs 7—9) More information about Ireland

　　(Paragraph 7) The first travelers came to Ireland.

　　(Paragraph 8) Many of the peasants were very poor.

　　(Paragraph 9) Way and life of the Irish people

本單元教學(xué)建議

Lesson 85

問學(xué)生兩個問題，讓他們回答：

　　1. How many countries are English- speaking ? What are they?

　　2. What do you know about Britain? Say something about U.K. Great Britain arid Ireland.

Lesson 86

　　1. Talk about the map arid find how much the students have known？

　　2. Retell the text. using tile key words..

Lesson 87

　　Retell the text using the key words.

Lesson 88

　　1. Retell toe talk referring to the information on the blackboard.

　　2. Say something about our province.

Lesson 85 (dialogue) 教學(xué)建議

　　通過本課教學(xué)，使學(xué)生掌握一些詢問國籍語言等的常用句型, 并學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)位置關(guān)系的表達方法.

　　1.Dialogue presentation

　　這一部分建議教師用最簡單的語言來和學(xué)生對話.例如:Where are you from ? I’m from Beijing. 以此來引入本課教學(xué)內(nèi)容,使學(xué)生立即投入。

　　II. Dialogue Practice

　　David is from Britain.

　　He is British

　　He is not English.

　　He speaks English.

　　He is Scottish.

　　It is  to the north  of England.（斜體為答案）

　　這部分是本節(jié)重點,需要教師講解詞匯.接著練習(xí)本單元的重點:方位的表達法.

to

不相鄰，或接壤，但強調(diào)方向

on

互相接壤

in

在內(nèi)部

　　建議教師通過使用身邊最常見的物體來練習(xí),這樣更能使學(xué)生感興趣。

Lesson 86/87 (extensive reading) 教學(xué)建議

把兩篇課文合起來講解有利于對文章的整體理解，便于對文章內(nèi)容及知識的記憶。講解本課時，建議教師注意課文的整體理解�？梢园颜n文作為一篇閱讀理解，快速閱讀后給出五道題來選擇。或者利用簡筆畫，或者給出本單元重點詞匯來讓學(xué)生復(fù)述課文，如果學(xué)生有困難，教師可以自己先復(fù)述一遍，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生。

　　最后一部分練習(xí)參觀學(xué)校時，可以畫一個自己學(xué)校的地圖，更利于學(xué)習(xí)。

Lesson 86/87 (intensive reading) 教學(xué)建議

　　本課的講解集中于詞匯和語法。通過課上反復(fù)練習(xí)本單元的重點詞匯使學(xué)生能夠在課下完成作文的練習(xí)。最終達到本單元的教學(xué)目的。如果學(xué)生基礎(chǔ)比較差，教師可以先領(lǐng)學(xué)生做。

Lesson 88(listening) 教學(xué)建議

　　本課集中練習(xí)聽力，練聽力的方法很多：

　　1．本單元可以放一首歌曲，“The England rose”,歌唱戴安娜的，發(fā)一張歌詞，聽歌做填詞練習(xí)。

　　2．課后的聽力練習(xí)可以作為聽寫內(nèi)容，放三遍，寫下文章，這個比較難。

　　3．可以播放一段有關(guān)英國的新聞，做填詞練習(xí)。

　　聽力之后，做擴展練習(xí)，難度加大，做高考題作文。

辨析like, enjoy, be fond of, love

　　表示喜歡的詞和詞組有be fond of, like, enjoy, love。但其用法有些不同。

　　（1） like和enjoy可以通用，但like后面的賓語可以是動名詞或不定式；enjoy后面的賓語只用動名詞，不用不定式。

　　I like swimming/ to swim in the river. I enjoy swimming in the river. 我喜歡在河里游泳。

　　（2） be fond of (=like very much)喜歡的程度比like強，比love弱。如：

　　Some young people are very fond of light music. 有些年輕人喜歡聽音樂。

　　（3）love不僅“喜歡”而且“熱愛”，在這組詞中語氣最強，帶有強烈的感情色彩。如：

　　I like him, but I don’t love him. 我喜歡他，但并不愛他。

辨析介詞to，in，on接方位名詞的區(qū)別

　　to一一在境外某方向；只強調(diào)方位，不強謂兩個國家或地區(qū)是否接壤。

　　India lies to the southwest of China. 印度位于中國的西南方。

　　on一一接壤/在河畔、江畔，也可表示在……河畔。例如：

　　Great changes have taken place in Nanjing, the city that lies on the Changjiang River. 長江之濱的南京發(fā)生了很大變化。

　　in一一在境內(nèi)某方向；可以表示在……境內(nèi)。例如：

　　England lies in the southeast of Britain. 英格蘭在不列顛島的東南。

辨析used to, be used to

　　used to + do sth. “過去常常做某事”；也可接不定式，表示“被用來做某事”。例如：

　　Coal can be used to produce electricity.煤可用來發(fā)電。

　　be used to + (doing ) sth. “習(xí)慣于做某事”。試比較：

　　The farmers used to grow rice, but now they grow vegetables instead. 這些農(nóng)民過去種稻谷，但現(xiàn)在他們改種蔬菜了。

　　The man is used to flying in all sorts of weather. 那人在各種天氣中飛行已習(xí)慣了。

辨析part of, a part of和(a) great part of

　　part of something是“某物的一部分”，這個“部分”可大可小，可能超過一半或不到一半或僅占一份。

　　a part of something則是“某物的一小部分”。

　　a great part of和great part of含義完全相同，意為“一大部分”，但不一定達百分之五十以上。如果達到半數(shù)以上。最好用the greater part of。

　　1) The Arctic is considered to be a part of the Atlantic. 北冰洋被認為是大西洋的一部分。

　　2) We are all part of one big family. 我們都是一個大家庭的成員。

　　3)He spends(a) great part of his spare time studying law. 他的業(yè)余時間一大部分用來研究法律

　　4) The greater part of the surface of the earth is covered by water. 地球表面的大部分被水所覆蓋。

辨析be to, be going to, be about to

　　1) be to:

　　(1)表示事先商定、安排或準(zhǔn)備要做的事情。如：

　　The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天學(xué)生們將在學(xué)校大門口集會。

　　2）表示可能性，必要、責(zé)任、義務(wù)、禁止等。如：

　　Her necklace was not to(couldn’t)be found. 她的項鏈找不到了。

　　2) be going to:

　　1) 表示將要發(fā)生的事情或打算最近要進行的動作。如：

　　It is going to rain soon. 快要下雨了。

　　2) 在含有條件狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，主句一般不用be going to，而常用will（第一人稱用shall）。如：

　　The football match will be put off if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨，足球賽將被推遲舉行。

　　3) be about to:

　　1) 表示即將發(fā)生的動作，在時間上指最近的將來。如：

　　We are about to start. 我們就要出發(fā)了。

　　The new school year is about to begin. 新學(xué)年開學(xué)在即。

　　2) 在含有be about to的句子中，不能再加時間狀語。如：

　　Wrong: The medical team is about to start immediately.

　　Right: The medical team is about to start. 醫(yī)療隊就要出發(fā)了。

separate和divide

　　相同點：separate和divide都可表示“分開”的意思。

　　separate 側(cè)重把原來連在一起或靠近的人或物分開，也可指“離別”。例如：

　　He went over and separated the two boys who were fighting. 他走過去把兩個打架的男孩分開。

　　divide 指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整體分成若干部分”, 如:

　　Divide the candies among the children給孩子們把糖塊分開。

辨析live on, live by

　　二者都有“以……為生”之意，但用法不同。

　　1) live on是短語動詞，意為“靠吃……為生，靠……收入過活”，后接名詞，既可用于人，也可用于動物。如：

　　Most of Chinese live on rice. 大部分中國人以米為食。

　　Horses live on grass. 馬以草為食。

　　live on還有“繼續(xù)生活”，其中on是副詞。如：

　　Lei Feng is dead, but his spirit lives on.雷鋒去世了，但他的精神猶存。

　　2) live by指“以……方式謀生”。如：

　　1)His father lives by teaching English. 他父親以教英語謀生。

　　2)The boy lives by begging. 那男孩靠行乞度日。

rather與fairly

　　兩者均為程度副詞，意為“相當(dāng)”，但所表示的程度仍有差別。

　　1) rather比fairly程度要深，修飾形容詞時含有“過份”的意思，所修飾的形容詞一般是人們不希望的、不喜歡的。它還可與比較級和too連用，例如：

　　(1) This book is rather easy for you. 這本書對你來說過于淺易。

　　(2) It's rather hot today. 今天相當(dāng)熱。

　　2)fairly含有“適合”之意，所修飾的形容詞一般是人們喜歡的，希望的。

　　1) It is fairly warm today. 今天相當(dāng)暖和。

　　2) He plays the piano fairly well. 他鋼琴彈得相當(dāng)好。

　　3) fairly 還可作“公平地”解釋。如：

　　He should be treated fairly. 他應(yīng)該得到公平對待。

　　The larger of the two islands is Britain, which lies to the east of Ireland. 兩個島嶼較大的那個島是不列顛，位于愛爾蘭的東面。

　　l) which lies to the east of Ireland是非限制性定語從句，修飾前面的名詞Britain. 由于引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作表語，所以，用which，不用where，因為where在定語從句中作地點狀語。

　　2)主句The larger of the two islands is Britain是倒裝句，正常語序是Britain is the larger of the two Islands.這里用倒裝語序是為了便后面的定語從句緊跟在先行詞Britain之后。

　　(3)“the+比較級 + of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”這種結(jié)構(gòu)用來特指兩個人或事物間“較……的一個”，其用法相當(dāng)于單數(shù)名詞，在句中可作主語、表語或賓語。作主語時，動詞用單數(shù)。例如：

　　Mary is the younger of the two girls.瑪麗是兩個女孩中年紀(jì)較小的一個。

　　In the north is Scotland, with its capital Edinburgh.北面是蘇格蘭，首都是愛丁堡。

　　On the right is a map of the islands of Britain and Ireland.

　　這是一個倒裝句。在英語中，某些表示地點或時間的狀語位于句首時，當(dāng)句子的主語太長時，為了句子的平衡，常使用倒裝句式。例如：

　　(1) Under a tree were sitting a group of students.= A group of students were sitting under the tree. 一群學(xué)生坐在樹下。

　　(2)Below the house ran a little stream.= A little stream ran below the house.一條小溪從房子下面流過。

　　(3) On the table lie two boxes.= Two boxes lie on the table. 桌子有兩個盒子。

　　Scotland has many lakes and mountains, and is famous for its beautiful countryside.

　　“be famous for” 意為“因……而著名”, be famous as 意為“以……（身份）而著稱”。例如：

　　Thomas Edison is famous for having invented so many things.

　　That actor is more famous as a playwright.

　　Most Irish people go to church every Sunday and the church plays an important part in people's lives.

　　“play a part in”意為“在……方面起作用”，“在……中扮演角色”。這個短語中的part原本作“（劇中的）角色”講，在part前可以用不同的形容詞來修飾（great / small/ important等），表示起著“大/小/重要的作用”。例如：

　　—Which part do you play (in the film )?

　　—I play the part of Lenin.

　　Science plays an important part in agriculture.

　　Generally, the weather in Britain is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer.

　　句中的“neither…nor”是連詞詞組，作“既不……又不……”解，常用來連接兩個并列的句子成分（本句中的接連兩個并列的表語cold和hot。）例如：

　　They are neither workers .nor peasants; they're students.（連接兩個表語）

　　He was ill then; he could neither eat nor drink.（連接兩個謂語動詞）

　　I had neither pen nor paper. How could I make notes? （連接兩個賓語）

　　當(dāng)“neither…nor”連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)同鄰近的那個主語在人稱和數(shù)上取得一致。

　　Neither the teacher nor the students are right.

　　Neither the students nor the teacher is right.

　　3) Are you English? 你是英國人嗎？

　　下面的表格還曾列了該國的語言(language)僅供同學(xué)們參考。

　�、賢he English-people of England,表示全體英格蘭人。也可指全體英國人，但是，全體英國人的正式說法應(yīng)是the British。就個體而言，男性用Englishman (復(fù)數(shù)English men ) , 女性用 Englishwoman (復(fù)數(shù)Englishwomen ) 。

　　②the Scots=people of Scotland，表示全體蘇格蘭人。就個體而言，男性用Scotsman（復(fù)數(shù)Scotsmen）, 女性用Scotswoman (復(fù)數(shù)Scotswomen )。the Irish, the Welsh情況同此。

　　③the French=people of France, 表示全體法國人。就個體而言，男性用Frenchman (復(fù)數(shù)Frenchmen ) , 女性用Frenchwoman (復(fù)數(shù)Frenchwomen )。

　　注：like, love, hate, dislike其中前三個的后面既可接名詞、代詞、也可接動詞不定式或動詞的-ing形式，意思差不多。而dislike卻不能接動詞不定式。使用時，請注意。

 

Lesson 85 (dialogue) 教學(xué)設(shè)計方案

1.Dialogue presentation

　　Ask the Ss some questions and make a dialogue with the students:

　　T: Where are you from ?

　　S: I’m from China(Beijing).

　　T: But you speak English.

　　S: English is used by the world.

　　T: Very good. Do you know what countries are using English ?

　　S: Such as :England, America, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and so on.

　　T: So we can say the English, the Americans, the Canadians, the Australians and the New Zealanders are speaking English.

　　T: So today we are going to learn something about England.

　　II. Dialogue Practice

　　Practice 1.Listening.Ask the Ss to fill in the blanks with the information they hear on the tape.

　　David is from Britain.

　　He is British

　　He is not English.

　　He speaks English.

　　He is Scottish.

　　It is  to the north  of England.（斜體為答案）

　　Practice 2.Ask the Ss to retell the dialogue in the third person form.

　　Model:

　　David is from Britain. He speaks English. He is British, but he is not England. He is Scottish. He is from Scotland, which is to the north of England; it's part of Britain.

　　Practice 3.Ask the Ss to make dialogues similar to the one in L85.

　　Model: Fill in the blanks with proper words.

　　Long ago, the first travellers went to Ireland from ________, and later from the south and west of _________. They found that much of the land was _________, but there was ________ grass for sheep and cows, _________ it rained a lot. The seas around Ireland were full of all sorts of __________. Many of the peasants were very poor and they lived mainly on _________. Around __________, potatoes __________ bad because of a terrible disease and many people died of ___________. Tens of thousands had to travel to other countries to look _________ a better life. Although many families became __________, people still kept in __________ with each other. Now life has improved for the population. Most Irish people go to __________ every Sunday and the church plays an important part in people s lives. The Irish are very fond of __________ and ____________. They often get together in the evening to ___________ and ___________ music.

　　A: Are you from England ?

　　B: No, I’m not.

　　A: But you speak English.

　　B: That’s correct.

　　A: Where are you from then ?

　　B: I’m from the USA.

　　A: So you are American.

　　B: That’s right.

　　Practice 4 Ask the Ss the following questions.

　　1) Where is England?(to/on the south of Scotland, in the south of Britain)

　　2)Where is Ireland ?(to the west of England)

　　3)Where is London? (to the east of Cardiff)

　　4)Where is Wales? (on the west of England, to the south of Scotland)

To

不相鄰，或接壤，但強調(diào)方向

On

互相接壤

In

在內(nèi)部

　　Practice 5. Get the Ss to ask and answer questions in pairs with the words “to, on, in” using a map of China.

Model: 1) Where is China ? (in the east of Asia, to the east of Japan)

　　　　2) Where is Beijing ? (to the north of Hangzhou)

　　III. Dialogue production

　　Ask the Ss to make dialogues according to the situation given below.

Situation: A and B are university students. They are from different parts of China. Now they are talking about their hometown.

Model:

　　A: Where are you from ?

　　B: I’m from Hangzhou.

　　A: So you’re from the south.

　　B: That’s right. How about you ?

　　A: I’m from Shenyang—the northeast.

　　B: Oh, I know it’s very cold in winter in Shenyang.

　　A: Yes. You have to wear warm clothes.

　　B: Does it often snow in winter there ?

　　A: Of course. How about your hometown?

　　B: It seldom snows. I have never seen snow.

　　A: What a pity! If you have a chance, please pay a visit to my hometown to have a look at the snow scenery.

　　B: That’s very kind of you. I’m looking forward to it.

　　A: Tell me something about your hometown. It must be very beautiful.

　　B: Yes, it is. What I like to do most is to have a walk after dinner around the West Lake.

　　A: What a scene! I wish one day I could go there..

IV Homework

　　1.Page 84 Ex 3

　　2.查閱地理教材，或網(wǎng)上查詢“英國的地理概況

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