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談談高三英語詞匯的歸類總復習
縱觀歷屆高考,從單項選擇、完形填空、短文改錯、單詞拼寫乃至閱讀理解的考查無一不是對詞匯的考查 。到了高三,僅僅英語一科就有厚厚九本書(新版教材),兩千多單詞,數不清的習語搭配和同義詞,加上復 雜的語法、語音,的確使英語復習顯得很難而又“漫無邊際”。怎樣才能花較少的時間取得較大的復習效果呢 ?下面筆者就多年來從事高三教學所得的點滴體會,參照歷屆高考詞匯考查頻繁的內容,從語法、習語、辨析 和拼寫等四方面將語音、詞匯、語法和拼寫融為一體,談談英語詞匯的歸類總復習。一、從用法上復習歸納詞匯,過語法關
英語詞匯大多具有本身詞義外,還有其語法功能,我們在復習時就不要把著眼點單純放在單詞記憶上,而 要從它們的語法功能上去把握它們。如在復習動詞時我們就要根據它們變化形式多、搭配活躍等特點,從它們 的用法上進行分類記憶。這樣,既可記住詞匯,又可攻克語法難關。
1.賓語不同,意義也不同
英語中有些動詞可同時后接不定式和動名詞作賓語,但意義不同。它們是高考試題的考查重點。這類詞主 要有:
go on doing(繼續(xù)干同一件事) go on to do(接著去干另一件事)
stop doing sth.(停止正在干的事) stop to do sth.(停下來去干某事)
regret doing(后悔干了某事) regret to do(相當于be sorry to do)
forget/remember doing(忘記/記得已做過的事) forget/rem-ember to do(忘記/記得要干的事)
mean doing(意味著干…) mean to do(想干…)
try doing(嘗試做) try to do(設法做)
(95高考)"You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.""Well,now I regret_____ ___that."
A.to do B.to be doing
C.to have done D.having done
───────(畫線項為答案,下同)
(92高考)"I usually go there by train.""Why not____________by boat for a change?"
A.to try going B.trying to go
C.to try and go D.try going
──────
2.都可接賓語和賓補,形式卻不同
某些動詞如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接動詞作賓語時要用動名詞,但接賓補時 ,賓補要用不定式。如:
We forbid smoking here.(賓語)
We forbid you to smoke here.(賓補)
You are forbidden to smoke here.(主補)
(87高考)They would not allow him_________across the ene-my line.
A.to risk going B.risking going
────────
C.for risk to go D.risk going
3.賓語不同、語態(tài)不同,意義卻相同
有些詞如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式(要用被動形式),可接動名詞(要用主動形式表被 動意義),可與worth,worthy一并記憶。兩種形式意義相同。如:
The room requires to be cleaned/cleaning.
(85高考)This sentence needs______________.
A.an improvement B.improve
C.improving D.improved
──────
4.只接不定式作賓語的詞和詞組
只接不定式作賓語的詞和詞組有:decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,hap pen,seem,make up one's mind,used,be about,be able,have等。如:
(89高考)She pretended____________me when I passed by.
A.not to see B.not seeing
──────
C.to not see D.having not seen
5.只接動名詞作賓語的詞和詞組
只接動名詞作賓語的詞和詞組:mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,excape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,de lay,fini
sh,feel like,look forward to,can't help,keep(on),miss,be used to,excuse,be worth,imagine ,put off,give up等。如:
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