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新課標(biāo)英語教學(xué)中的結(jié)合與轉(zhuǎn)變
《英語新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》倡導(dǎo)學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下，通過感知、體驗(yàn)、實(shí)踐、參與和合作等方式，實(shí)現(xiàn)任務(wù)的目標(biāo)，感受成功。新教材的實(shí)施也為小學(xué)英語的教學(xué)改革打開了一扇窗，在這里，我結(jié)合教材牛津英語5B Unit2< A Telephone Call >，談一談新課標(biāo)英語教學(xué)中的三個結(jié)合與三個轉(zhuǎn)變。
一，注重學(xué)生主體地位和教師主導(dǎo)作用的有機(jī)結(jié)合，實(shí)現(xiàn)教師多角色的轉(zhuǎn)變。
筆者從學(xué)生的興趣出發(fā)，通過創(chuàng)設(shè)情景，示范教學(xué)內(nèi)容，啟發(fā)學(xué)生的思維，組織學(xué)生實(shí)踐，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的語言交際能力，在整個教學(xué)活動中成功地扮演了多個角色。首先是一個示范者，為學(xué)生展示語言結(jié)構(gòu)、意義和語言運(yùn)用的情景。同時又是一個啟發(fā)者，啟發(fā)學(xué)生思考，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生想象。其次還是一個情景的設(shè)計(jì)者和學(xué)習(xí)的指導(dǎo)者，通過多媒體課件展現(xiàn)生動、逼真的交際情景，幫助和引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在語境中理解語言的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義。此外更是一名課堂活動的組織者、學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的激勵者和促進(jìn)者，通過玩具小電話、身體語言設(shè)計(jì)情景，組織學(xué)生開展游戲和兩人小組活動，給學(xué)生提供模仿、體驗(yàn)、實(shí)踐和創(chuàng)造性運(yùn)用語言的機(jī)會，并在活動中適時地鼓勵和表揚(yáng)學(xué)生，保護(hù)學(xué)生的自信心和學(xué)習(xí)的積極性，使學(xué)生學(xué)有所獲。
二，注重語言結(jié)構(gòu)和語言功能的有機(jī)結(jié)合，實(shí)現(xiàn)從知識到能力的轉(zhuǎn)變。
課堂教學(xué)片段一：學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)打電話用語的分步呈現(xiàn)。
1) Ask the students to look at the screen and listen to the talk between the teacher and the person in the screen.
2) After the talk, the teacher tells the students how to make a telephone call in English. Write the pattern "May I speak to...?"on the blackboard and teach them how to use it on the phone.
3) Using the four toy telephones, ask the students to make telephone calls in pairs with the following patterns:
---- May I speak to...?
---- Speaking.
4) Ask one student his/her name and his/her home telephone number, using the following sentences:
Would you please 'tell me your name?
Would you please tell me your home telephone number?
5) Make a telephone call to a student and get the students to learn the following short dialogue:
T: Hello. Is that 8614761?
S: Yes.
T: May I speak to Xiao Long?
S: Sorry, he is not in the office.
T: Would you please take a message and ask him to come to school this afternoon?
S: Sure.
T: Thank you.
6) Ask the students to make calls in groups.
Then ask some pairs to act out to see if they know how to use the patterns below:
May I speak to..,?
Would you please take a message?
7) Ask the students to look at the screen and listen to the dialogue "A Telephone Call" with the following questions in mind:
What is the message about?
What time is the party?
Then ask the students some questions if they have understood the dialogue.
8) Play the game "Throwing Santa Claus" to see if the students can say the sentences well.
The teacher throws the toy Santa Claus to a student. When the student catches the Santa Claus, he or she must say one of the sentences on the blackboard, and then throws the Santa Claus to another student.
9) Ask the students to act out the dialogue in roles.
在這里，因?yàn)楸菊n教學(xué)內(nèi)容涉及關(guān)于打電話的表達(dá)方式，筆者能夠注意處理好結(jié)構(gòu)與功能的關(guān)系，將語言結(jié)構(gòu)的學(xué)習(xí)融于模擬的交際情景之中。在教學(xué)的設(shè)計(jì)上采用分解難點(diǎn)、分步呈現(xiàn)、逐步擴(kuò)展、層層深入的方式，注重示范質(zhì)量，保證學(xué)生對語言意義的正確理解，通過各種模仿和操練活動，使學(xué)生掌握新的語言形式。
例如，運(yùn)用多媒體創(chuàng)設(shè)了不同的生活情景，讓學(xué)生兩人一組選擇其中的一種，并運(yùn)用所學(xué)語言進(jìn)行模擬交際，促進(jìn)了知識向能力的轉(zhuǎn)化。
三，注重教學(xué)內(nèi)容與學(xué)生生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)的有機(jī)結(jié)合，實(shí)現(xiàn)從學(xué)到用的轉(zhuǎn)變。
課堂教學(xué)片段二：學(xué)生學(xué)會打電話用語后的拓展操練。
1）Show the students three pictures on the screen. Ask them to make telephone calls in groups based on the picture they have chosen.
Picture One: You want to invite Tom to play football with you , but Tom hasn't got a telephone at home. You ask Rose to take a message to Tom.
Picture Two: Miss Wu is ill. You want to pay a visit to her with Jack. But Jack is not at home. His sister picks up the phone.
Picture Three: You will hold a birthday party on Sunday. You phone to Lily to invite her to your party, but she isn't at home. How do you speak to her mother, who is at home at that time?
2) Ask some pairs to act out their telephone calls.
3) Ask the students to make phone calls to the teachers who are sitting around the classroom.
The teacher tells the students: "There will be a party on New Year's Day. We will invite some teachers to come to our party. Write the names and the telephone numbers of some teachers and Make telephone calls to them".
在這里，通過創(chuàng)設(shè)情景，將學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容與學(xué)生的實(shí)際生活相結(jié)合，使學(xué)生身臨其境，從而達(dá)到了學(xué)以致用的目的。
例如，筆者在給某個學(xué)生打電話之前，先用英語了解學(xué)生家的電話號碼,然后撥號給該學(xué)生打電話，讓學(xué)生感到真實(shí)和親切。同時，筆者設(shè)置的三個情景：約同學(xué)踢足球，約同學(xué)看望老師，約同學(xué)參加生日晚會，也都反映了學(xué)生的實(shí)際生活。
教學(xué)反思:
當(dāng)然，本節(jié)課還有很多改進(jìn)的地方，例如，在學(xué)生兩人小組活動中，筆者對學(xué)生角色的描述不夠明確，使得學(xué)生對話中的一些語言顯得不夠得體。此外，讓學(xué)生向?qū)Ψ皆儐栯娫捥柎a時，應(yīng)該適時教給學(xué)生使用得體的語言，以避免學(xué)生在特定的場合出現(xiàn)使用不得體的問話方式。
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