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淺析名詞作定語
請看一道習題:
Three famous actors,with whom were two____actresses came to our____shop.
A.child;shoe B.child's;shoes
C.chil……
作定語用的名詞一般沒有與之相應的同根形容詞。它既可以是有生命的,也可以是無生命的;既可以是可數(shù)的,也可以是不可數(shù)的。它能表明被修飾的名詞的A.地點、B.時間、C.目的或用途、D.種類、E.原料或來源等等。例如:A.city streets城市街道,a corner shop街道拐角的商店,a kitchen table廚房桌子,a roof garden屋頂公園;B.summer holidays暑假,Sunday papers星期日報紙,November fogs十一月的霧季;C.a tennis court網(wǎng)球場,a tennis club網(wǎng)球俱樂部,a peace conference和平會議,milk bottles牛奶瓶;D.a love story愛情故事,a murder story兇殺案故事,traffic lights交通管理用的紅綠燈,a train driver火車司機;E.stone walls石墻,straw hats草帽,rubber boots膠鞋,pineapple juice菠蘿汁,plant fat植物脂肪。
名詞作定語時,一般用單數(shù)形式,但在個別情況下也有用復數(shù)的。例如:
goods train貨車,sports meeting運動會,machines hall展覽機器的大廳。
注意:被修飾的名詞變復數(shù)時,一般情況下,作定語用的名詞不需要變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)形式,但由man或woman作定語修飾的名詞變成復數(shù)時,兩部分皆要變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)形式。例如:
man doctor—men doctors 男醫(yī)生
woman singer—women singers 女歌手
有的作定語用的名詞有與之相應的同根形容詞。一般情況下,名詞作定語側重說明被修飾的名詞的內(nèi)容或性質(zhì);同根形容詞作定語則常常描寫被修飾的名詞的特征。例如:"bold watch"指手表含有金的性質(zhì);而"golden watch"則表示手表是金色的特征,不一定含有金。再舉兩例:
stone house 石頭造的房子
stony heart 鐵石般的心腸
peace conference 和平會議
peaceful construction 和平建設
名詞作定語與名詞所有格作定語有時是有區(qū)別的。一般來說,名詞作定語通常說明被修飾的詞的性質(zhì),而名詞所有格作定語則強調(diào)對被修飾的詞的所有(權)關系或表示邏輯上的謂語關系。例如:在“the Party members(黨員)”中,名詞定語表示members的性質(zhì);在“the Party's calls(黨的號召)”中,Party具有動作發(fā)出者的作用,calls雖然是名詞,卻具有動作的含義。再舉一例:
a student teacher 實習教師
a student's teacher 一位學生的老師
[練習]
1.In Britain,____are all painted red.
A.letter boxes B.letters boxes
C.letter box D.letters box
2.She is the only one among the ____ writers who ____ stories for children.
A.woman;writes B.women;write
C.women;writes D.woman;write
3.—What does Mr Brown do for a living?
—He's one of the most successful ____ in the city.
A.newspaper reporter
B.newspaper's reporters
C.newspaper's reporter
D.newspaper reporters
4.He dropped the ____ and broke it.
A.cup of coffee B.coffee's cup
C.cup for coffee D.coffee cup
5.It's said that two ____ would come to the village.
A.woman-doctors B.women doctor
C.women doctors D.woman doctors
6.—Is it getting dark early tonight?
—I think so.I see ____ is on already.
A.the street light B.the light of the street
C.the street's light D.the light street
7.Each of us supposed to go all out for the team on the ____.
A.sport field B.sports field
C.sport's field D.the field of sports
8.There are only two ____ assistants in that ____ shop.
A.woman;shoe B.women;shoe
C.woman;shoes D.women;shoes
9.Recently,ten ____ have disappeared at least in that country.
A.woman reporter B.woman's reporters
C.women reporter D.women reporters
Keys;1~5 ACDDC;6~9 ABBD
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