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初中英語第一冊17~30單元要點(diǎn)歸納
[作者] 紀(jì)煥金
[內(nèi)容]
1.with,in
with與in都有"用"之意,但"用"法不同。with表示"用工具"、"用
手、口"等。in表示"用語言、 話語或聲音"。例如:
Please write the letter in English.
He wrote it with a pen.
2.sone,any
some, any均可用來修飾或代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,但some主要用于
肯定句或肯定答語中,any主要用 于疑問名、否定句(或否定答語)中。在表
示邀請、請求、希望得到肯定回答的疑問句中應(yīng)用some。例如:
—Are there any apples in that basket?
—No,there aren't any. But I can give you some.
There isn't any water in my glass. Would you give me some?
3.take,bring,carry
以說話人為中心,take是把某人或某物從說話者身邊"拿走(去)"、"帶
走(去)”;bring是從別處將 某物或某人帶到說話者這里來,譯為"拿來"、
"帶來"。例如:
Take this empty box sway and bring me a full one.
當(dāng)不以某人為中心從一處到另一處的運(yùn)動(dòng)用take。例如:
The No.3 bus will take him there.
carry強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的方式,不說明動(dòng)作的方向,譯為"搬、扛、抬"等,有時(shí)
與take用法相同。例如:
They carried/took the books to the classroom.
Look!They are carrying water.
4.other,the other
other不特指,后面可接單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞。the other特指兩者當(dāng)中的另外一
個(gè)(或部分)。例如:
Jack and some other girls went shopping.
I have two sisters.One is a teacher,the other is a worker.
5.in a tree, on a tree
這兩個(gè)短語都有"在樹上"之意,但用法不同。表示樹上長出的東西,如果
實(shí)、枝葉等,要用on the tre e;當(dāng)不屬于樹上生長的東西,如人或其它物"在
樹上"時(shí),應(yīng)用in the tree。例如:
There are some birds in the tree.
There are lots of apples on that tree.
6.by bike,on a bike
by后表交通工具的名詞須用單數(shù),而且其前一般無冠詞或其它修飾詞。若
名詞前有冠詞或其它修飾詞,則 應(yīng)用其它介詞,如on,in,而不用by。另外注意
onfoot(步行)。例如:
I often go to school by bike.But sometimes on a bus or on foot.
7.speak,say,talk, tell
say是"說出"、"說過",強(qiáng)調(diào)所說的內(nèi)容。speak重在"講",著重開
口發(fā)聲,不強(qiáng)調(diào)講話內(nèi)容,一般 作不及物動(dòng)詞。作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),其賓語通常是
表語言、真理的名詞。talk有“交談”之意,有較強(qiáng)的對答、討 論意味,多作
不及物動(dòng)詞。tell重在"告訴"。此外"講故事"也用tell。例如:
Can you say it in English?
Can you speak English?
He is talking with his English teacher.
Can you tell me about it?
8.see,look(at),watch,read
see作"看到"講,指結(jié)果。look指有目的地去看,具有一定的主動(dòng)性,接
賓語時(shí)須與at連用。watch有" 觀看"之意,通常指觀看正在動(dòng)的東西。例如:
The old man looked at the blackboard,but he saw nothing.
They are watching a football match.
注意:watch TV(看電視),see a film(看電影)。
read著重"看"帶有文字內(nèi)容的書、報(bào)等。例如:
He is reading a newspaper(報(bào)紙).
9.have,there be
have表某人或某物本身"擁有",there be表某處"有(存在)"某物(或
人)。例如:
I have lots of friends.
There is a pen in my pencil-box.
有時(shí)二者用法相同。例如:
There are lots of apples on the tree.
The tree has lots of apples on it.
10.put on,wear,be in
put on強(qiáng)調(diào)"穿戴"的動(dòng)作,wear指"穿戴"的狀態(tài)。put on與wear均
可指穿衣(鞋)、戴帽(眼鏡)等 。be in也表穿著的狀態(tài)。例如:
It's cold outside. Put on your coat,please.
They are all in (wearing)white clothes.
11.one,it
二者均為代詞,都可用來代替單數(shù)名詞,但用法有別。it是特指上文所提
過的東西,one是泛指與上文所提 的東西同類中的一個(gè),不特指。one單獨(dú)使用
時(shí)前面無冠詞。但當(dāng)one受形容詞修飾時(shí),其前應(yīng)加不定冠詞,也 可在其前加
定冠詞,表示特指。例如:
—Do you have a ruler?
—Yes,I have one.I have a new one.
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—Could I borrow it?
—Certainly.
12.teach sb.English
teach后可接雙賓語。例如:
【誤】He will teach our English this term.
【正】He will teach us English this term.
13.too,very,much,very much
too有否定含義,表示"太"、"過于"。例如:
The coat is too small for me. I'll have to get a bigger one.
very,much,very much均有:"很"、"非常"之意,但注意它們的區(qū)別:
very修飾形容詞或副詞,不能直接修飾動(dòng)詞,修飾動(dòng)詞要用much或very
much。例如:
Li Lei is very strong.
I like English(very) much.
修飾形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)表程度時(shí),用much而不用very。但much不可用
來修飾原級(jí)。例如:
He is much taller than I.
14.house,family,home
family指"家庭""家人",與房屋無關(guān),著重家庭成員。house指人居住
的房屋,屬建筑物。home指自己 和家人住的地方。包括房屋及室內(nèi)的各種家俱,
有強(qiáng)烈的個(gè)人感情上的聯(lián)系。例如:
There are two families living in this house.
There are three people in my family.
My home is in Shanghai.*
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