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人教版新目標八年級下全冊寫作指導(dǎo)
人教版新目標八年級下全冊寫作指導(dǎo)Unit 1 Will people have robots?
一、 單元分析
本單元主要學習“發(fā)表意見opinions”并作“預(yù)告Make predictions”。通過一般將來時態(tài)的學習，學會對未來進行預(yù)測，學會will 構(gòu)成的一般將來時態(tài)的陳述句、否定句、疑問句及回答。通過時間對比復(fù)習一般過去時態(tài)、一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，鞏固一般將來時。另外還涉及There be 句型的一般將來時；more, fewer, less幾個詞表示將來和現(xiàn)在的對比。
重點詞匯：on paper \on computers, in the future, live to be, use to do …， in college, take the train to school, fly rockets to the moon, fall in love with, look smart, win awards, work for myself, come true, help with, the same as.
重點句型：--Will there be less\fewer pollution? --Yes, there will.
Kids will study at home on computers.
In ten years, I think I will be a reporter.
I might even keep a pet parrot.
I will be able to dress casually.
What will teenagers do for fun twenty years from now.
The head of one of the biggest movie companies in the US predicted that no one would want to see actors talk.
He thinks that it will be difficult for a robot to do the same things as a person.
There are already robots working in factories.
Some …， others …
二。 教師指導(dǎo)
a. 本單元的寫作指導(dǎo)：
本單元主要是運用由will構(gòu)成的一般將來時態(tài)，表示人們對于未來的設(shè)想與預(yù)測。通過對未來的設(shè)想，可以讓我們對未來充滿期待，也可以讓我們體會并明白“只有今天的付出，才能有明天的收獲”這樣深刻的道理，也有利于一般將來時的掌握與運用。那么現(xiàn)在讓我們來一同回顧一下一般將來時的基本用法：一般將來時由“助動詞will + 動詞原形”構(gòu)成，表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，常與表示將來的時間狀語連用，如：tomorrow, next month, in 10 years, in the future等。
肯定句由“will + 動詞原形”構(gòu)成，例如：I will tell you the story tomorrow.
否定句由“will + not + 動詞原形”構(gòu)成，例如：I won’t help you do your homework.
疑問句由“will + 主語 + 動詞原形”構(gòu)成，例如：Will you please open the door?
另外，本單元還學習了there be句型的一般將來時形式there will be，例如：There will be fewer people in the future.
b.常用句型：
�、買 will have a good job. ② Kids won’t go to school.
�、� There will be less free time. ④ As a reporter, I think …
�、� I will be a … ⑥ I believe … ⑦ I want to …
c. 本單元語法指導(dǎo)：
一般將來 <http://baike.baidu.com/view/44092.htm>時（The Simple Future tense）
�。�1）一般將來時表示將來某一時刻的發(fā)生動作或狀態(tài)， 或?qū)砟骋欢螘r間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動作或狀態(tài)。一般將來時由助動詞 <http://baike.baidu.com/view/78719.htm> shall（第一人稱 <http://baike.baidu.com/view/548433.htm>）\will（第二、三人稱）\be going to+動詞原形構(gòu)成。
�。�2）基本句型
肯定句：I/We shall/will go. You/He/She/They will go.
否定句 <http://baike.baidu.com/view/312417.htm>：I/We shall/will not go. You/He/She/They will not go.
疑問句 <http://baike.baidu.com/view/46365.htm>：Shall I/we go? Will you/he/she/they go?
簡略回答：（肯）Yes,主語 <http://baike.baidu.com/view/1209.htm> shall/will （否） No,主語 shall/will not
特殊疑問句 <http://baike.baidu.com/view/1373088.htm>：一般將來時的特殊疑問句是將疑問詞放在句首，后接一般疑問句 <http://baike.baidu.com/view/935953.htm>（就主語提問時，以疑問詞who開頭的疑問詞除外）
will 常簡略為 'll，并與主語連寫在一起，如：I'll，he'll，it'll，we'll，you'll，they'll。 一般疑問句如用will you…？其簡略答語須是Yes，I will或 No，I won't；如用 Shall I…？（較少見）其簡略答語須是 Yes，I shall.或 No， I shall not.
�。�3）表達方法
一般將來時常常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。常用的表達形式共有四種，現(xiàn)歸納如下：
a.用will或shall表示
“助動詞will或shall+動詞原形”這一形式，表示將來發(fā)生的事情，用于征求對方的意見或表示客氣的邀請。在口語中will用于所有人稱，書面語中第一人稱常用shall（其實will也可以用到）。
b.用be going to結(jié)構(gòu)表示
“be going to+動詞原形”用來表示近期或事先考慮過的將要發(fā)生的動作以及已有跡象表明必將發(fā)生某事，意為“打算；就要”。
c用現(xiàn)在進行時表示
表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞 <http://baike.baidu.com/view/26589.htm>（如：go, come, leave, start, arrive等），可用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來時。根據(jù)規(guī)定或時間表預(yù)計要發(fā)生的動作，在時間和條件狀語從句中，都可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時。
d.用“be+動詞不定式”或用“be about to +動詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。
三。 范文賞讀
“時間膠囊”是如今比較流行的一種給未來的自己、朋友、家人或任何人保存下信息或物品的活動，這些信息或物品將被放在一個容器中，在未來的一個特定時間將會被打開，這種東西對我們很有意義。重要的是它能提醒我們?yōu)榱俗屪约旱膲粝雽崿F(xiàn)，需要我們現(xiàn)在的努力。請以My Future為題將你對于自己20年后的設(shè)想寫成一篇短文，介紹20年后的自己，并把這篇文章放在“時間膠囊”里，20年后再打開它。內(nèi)容可以適當發(fā)揮，60詞左右。
My future
I have a dream about my life in 20 years. I will live ① Shanghai with my families because it’s a very beautiful city and we like it very much. I will be a good English teacher. I will teach in a middle school. I will love my students, and my students will love me, also ②。 We will be good friends. I will do sports and ③ my students every day. Swimming and running will be my favorite sports. I will be health and strongly ④。
This is my future dream. What do you think of it?
點評：
上面的這篇習作正文的文章格式正確，作者充分發(fā)揮了自己的想象，想象20年后的自己成為了一名優(yōu)秀的老師。我們在寫文章時也可以展開想象的翅膀，做出任何想象。結(jié)尾句“This is my future dream. What do you think of it?”意味深長，引人思考，假如作者真能在20年后自己再讀到這篇文章，相信他會感慨萬千的。美中不足的是文章中有些詞語運用不恰當，沒有區(qū)分好詞語的用法，需要作者加強這方面的記憶與訓(xùn)練，以便更好地提高自己的寫作能力。
文章中的四處錯誤已經(jīng)標出，你能找出來嗎？
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通過本文的改錯我們應(yīng)當借鑒到這樣的經(jīng)驗，在日常學習中我們要對知識點有更好地掌握，以免在寫作中出現(xiàn)不該出現(xiàn)的錯誤。本文的寫作想象力是重要的環(huán)節(jié)，題目要求我們對未來有所設(shè)想，這樣的內(nèi)容是我們不曾經(jīng)歷的，寫作中我們要充分發(fā)揮想象，如果能做到盡可能地發(fā)揮想象力，并用熟悉的英語將其表達出來就非常難得了。因此，將文章中的細節(jié)寫得更為細化，會使文章更有可讀性。另外我們還要注意的是保守為主是寫文章的成功因素之一，在一篇文章中嘗試運用自己不熟悉的詞語、句型、敘述方式方法，只會得到“畫虎不成反類犬”的后果。運用自己所熟悉的短語與句型去組成一篇屬于自己的文章是成功的關(guān)鍵。
對比寫作：
My future
Everyone dreams about the future. I also have a dream about my life in 20 years. I’ll live in Shanghai with my families because we like it very much. It will be more beautiful. I will teach in a middle school. I will be a good English teacher. I will love my students, and my students will love me, too. We will be good friends. I will do sports with my students every day. Swimming and running will be my favorite sports. I will be healthy and strong. There will be more robots everywhere. They will help us do many things. I believe we will have more time to study and play.
This is my future dream. What do you think of it?
小試牛刀
請以The Life in the Future為題寫一篇記敘文，按下列提示完成。
1. 可以想象一下：未來的生活將會是什么樣子的呢？
2. 具體介紹一下未來的生活，很多事情都由計算機或機器人來完成。例如：料理家務(wù)、購物、網(wǎng)上聊天、不出門就可以看醫(yī)生、打掃衛(wèi)生、做飯等。
3. 為了未來的生活，現(xiàn)在我們應(yīng)該努力學習，實現(xiàn)理想。
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糾正：
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Unit2 What should I do?
一、單元分析
本單元的主要內(nèi)容是圍繞What should I do? 談?wù)撛趯W校和家庭中遇到的種種麻煩和問題，為他人找到合理的解決辦法，提出相應(yīng)的建議，便于展開日常交際活動。本單元要求用流利的英語來談?wù)搯栴}，并解決問題，掌握談?wù)搯栴}和建議的常用詞匯和句型，培養(yǎng)團結(jié)協(xié)作、虛心接受他人意見的良好個人品質(zhì)。
本單元圍繞 problems and advice進行聽說讀寫的訓(xùn)練；Section A 重點以對話形式展示。Section B練習了聽力，而且以lonely kid’s problem展開讀寫練習。 (范文網(wǎng) www.htc668.com) Self Check就一封筆友來信展開閱讀和寫作訓(xùn)練。
1.重點單詞：
play， loud ，argue， wrong， could ，can， ticket ，surprise ，other， except，fail， football， until， fit， include， send， themselves
2. 重點詞組：
keep out不讓……進入 out of style不時髦的；過時的
call sb. up打電話給…… pay for付款
ask for要求 the same as與……同樣的
in style時髦的；流行的 get on相處；進展
as much as possible盡可能多 all kinds of各種；許多
on the one hand, … （在）一方面
on the other hand, … 另一方面，……
3. 重點句型：
�。�1） What should I do? 我應(yīng)該怎么做？
�。�2） You could write him a letter.你可以寫信給他。
�。�3） What should he do? 他應(yīng)該怎么做？
�。�4） Maybe he should say he’s sorry.也許他應(yīng)該說抱歉。
�。�5） What should they do? 他們應(yīng)該怎么做？
�。�6）They shouldn’t argue.他們不應(yīng)該爭吵。
二。 教師指導(dǎo)
a. 本單元的寫作指導(dǎo)：本單元主要是談?wù)撛趯W校和家庭中遇到的種種麻煩和問題，為他人找到合理的解決辦法。在寫這樣的文章時，首先要確定寫作要點，即通過分析麻煩和問題以及提出如何解決來構(gòu)思文章。然后盡量使用自己熟悉的詞、詞組及句子來表達以保證語法邏輯的正確性和語言的簡潔性。
b.本單元體裁的寫作指導(dǎo)：本單元的寫作要求要注意的問題：我們要抓住寫作任務(wù)中的要點，有針對性地扣題寫作。結(jié)合本單元話題要求，寫成書信或電子郵件的可能比較大，讓我們來一同了解下書信。書信（或電子郵件）是人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪兄匾膫鬟f方式，人們可以通過書信交流思想，提供建議，解決問題等，從而達到情感交流與信息溝通的目的。書信書寫最應(yīng)該注意格式。
c.精彩句型：
�。�1） I have a problem.
（2） I need……
�。�3）What should I do?
�。�4）I’m very upset and I don’t know what to do. Can you help me?
（5） There are a lot of things you could do?
�。�6）Maybe you should……Or maybe you could…
�。�7） Good luck!
三、范文賞讀：
你和你的好朋友Jean發(fā)生了爭執(zhí)，在自我反省過后，你覺得有必要給她寫一封信向她道歉，并向她提一些意見。請就此向她發(fā)一封e-mail表示你的誠意，60詞以上。
Dear Jean,
I am sorry to ①argue you several days ago. We haven' t talked with each other these days. You are my best friend, aren' t you?
Few days ago when I heard you lost my lovely book, I was really mad, so I argued with you, and said that I could not be your friend from then on. Later, I didn' t sleep well those days. I always ②remembere a lot of fun we had. So I decided to write a letter to say sorry to you. I also think you should be careful and take good care of your things. Let' s be best friends again, OK?
Yours ever,
Julia
點評：
上面的這篇作文的格式正確，作者充分利用課本所學知識， 段落清晰，中心突出，內(nèi)容充實。文章中的幾處錯誤也是我們同學們?nèi)菀追傅拿。饕窃~語運用不當�？纯创蠹覍τ谶@幾處錯誤的認識如何。①argue此處使用錯誤，應(yīng)用argue with這個詞。②時態(tài)使用應(yīng)該全文一致，一般均用過去時，應(yīng)改為remembered。
例文誦讀：
下面是一封刊登在校報上的信。寫信人想征求讀者意見，找到解決問題的方法。請你寫封信提出你的建議。70詞左右。
提示詞：put…away 把……收拾好
Dear friend, What a terrible day today! This morning I was late for school and my teacher was angry with me. Then I found I left my science book at home . Because I stayed up late last night, I felt sleepy in class this afternoon. I could hardly hear what the teacher said. Could you please give me some advice? Yours, Looking for Help
Dear Looking for Help,
There are many things you should do. First, I’m afraid you’re wrong to be late for class, so you should get up early in the morning and get to school on time. And you should go to bed earlier at night. Before going to bed, you should put away your school things. If you do so, I’m sure you will become a happy student.
Your friend
小試牛刀：
假如你叫John，請用下面所提供的信息寫篇短文，告訴你最好的朋友Mary你的煩惱。
內(nèi)容提要：這幾天，你發(fā)現(xiàn)同學們對你不太友好。上個星期六，班上的一位同學舉行生日聚會，他邀請了很多同學，但沒有邀請你。你感到很煩惱，于是向她傾訴此事，并向他征求意見。（80詞左右）
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Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
一、單元分析
本單元以What were you doing when the UFO arrived?為話題，要求學生學會運用過去進行時態(tài)和when、while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句來討論過去發(fā)生的事情，并學會講故事，同時了解一些自然科學知識和社會科學知識，從而更加熱愛科學，迸發(fā)探索科學的熱情。
重點詞匯：bathroom, bedroom, kitchen, bought, land, got, while, experience, imagine, strange, follow, amazing, climb, jump, shout, rode, ran, anywhere, met, happen, accident, plane, heard, modern, kill, murder, bright, playground, bell, rang, told, close, silence, meaning, became, earth, hero, flew
重點句型：1. What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
2. While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.
3. I had a very unusual experience on Sunday.
4. I followed it to see where it was going.
5. The station was crowded and Linda couldn’t see Davy anywhere.
二。 教師指導(dǎo)
a. 本單元的寫作指導(dǎo)：本單元主要是練習描述一件事。在寫這樣的文章時，首先要確定寫作要點，即通過分析“我”經(jīng)歷的一件事來構(gòu)思文章。然后盡量使用自己熟悉的詞、詞組及句子來表達以保證語法邏輯的正確性和語言的簡潔性。
b.常用句型：
�。�1） It was sunny that day.
�。�2） The whole class went to the park last weekend.
（3） While some girls were singing and dancing, some boys were playing soccer.
�。�4）Though we were tired, we felt very happy.
c.本單元體裁的寫作指導(dǎo)：本單元的寫作要求需要注意的問題：這類作文段落要清晰，多用過去時態(tài)描寫。主要應(yīng)涉及：
1.介紹事件發(fā)生的時間、地點；
2.可以介紹當時的天氣情況；
3.描寫最令人難忘的時刻以及當時你在做什么；
4.多用第一人稱I 或 we 描述；
5.最后表達一下自己的感受。
三、范文賞讀
你和同學之間發(fā)生過許多趣事吧。請任舉一例和我們分享一下吧。請以An Interesting Experience為題寫一篇短文。詞數(shù)要求在80詞以上。文中不得出現(xiàn)真實的校名、姓名。
An Interesting Experience
Last weekend all my classmates go to the park. The weather was fine .There were many green trees and beautiful flowers. The park looked very beautiful.
While some girls were singing and dancing, some boys were playing soccer. Still others were playing chess under the trees.
We went boating after lunch and then climb the hills. The hills were very high. When we reached the top , we were all tired.
When we went back to school, it was getting late. We were very happy!
點評：
上面的這篇習作正文的文章格式正確，作者充分利用課本所學知識的整體疊加，中心突出，內(nèi)容充實。文章中的幾處錯誤也是我們同學們?nèi)菀追傅拿�，主要是詞語運用不當。大家看看對于這幾處錯誤如何更正？①此處為一般過去時態(tài)，應(yīng)把go 改為went;②and 前后引導(dǎo)的時態(tài)要一致，所以climb 要改為climbed。
例文誦讀：
2008年，在中國發(fā)生了不少重大事件。請根據(jù)下面表格中的信息提示，描述當這些事件發(fā)生時，你在干什么。70-80詞。
TimeEvents
2:28 pm, May 12th, 2008A big earthquake happened in Wenchuan, Sichuan.
8:00 pm, August 8th, 2008The 29th Olympics opened in Beijing.
September 25th, 2008Shenzhou VII went into space.
I still remember what I was doing when these important events happened. When the big earthquake happened on May 12th, 2008, I was taking an English lesson in the classroom. I felt very sorry. And I was watching TV with my parents when the 29th Olympics opened in Beijing. How exciting it was! When Shenzhou VII went into space on September 25th, I was listening to the radio with my classmates. We talked about it a lot.
小試牛刀：
一天你放學回家時，你的父母還沒有到家。然后，你便玩起了電腦游戲。當你玩的正高興的時候，你的父母回家了。以下列問題為線索，寫一篇80詞左右的短文。要求符合邏輯，情節(jié)合理。（不少于80詞）
提示：1.When did you get home?
2.What did you do first when you got home?
3.What were you doing when your parents got home?
4.What did your parents say to you?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Grade _______________ Date ____________________
糾正：__________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
一、單元分析
本單元的主要內(nèi)容是使用“間接引語”正確轉(zhuǎn)述他人話語，會報告自己和他人的成績單；在操練中理解、運用間接引語，進一步熟練一般過去時和過去進行時。Section A 部分圍繞soap opera，a surprise party，Young Lives話題展開聽力，口語，閱讀，新聞稿寫作的訓(xùn)練； Section B圍繞hard-working，report card，進行聽說讀寫的訓(xùn)練。
重點詞匯：message; suppose; nervous; true; lucky; copy; own; poor; village; area; meter; thin; ate; decision; husband; start; influence; return; hometown; danger
重點句型：
-What did your math teacher say?
-He said I was hard-working.
-He told me he would call me tomorrow.
-He said he could speak three languages.
-How’s it going?
二、教師指導(dǎo)
a. 本單元的寫作指導(dǎo)：本單元主要練習根據(jù)提示寫一篇評價報告。寫材料作文，要善于捕捉材料提供的信息，把握要點，把所需內(nèi)容表達出來。
b. 常用句型：
�。�1） How’s it going? 近來如何？近況可好？
（2） My teacher said that… 我的老師說…
�。�3） I was happy that……and I did well in…… 我很開心……， 在…方面我做的很好。
c.本單元的寫作要求需要注意的問題：
1.緊扣提示內(nèi)容，敘述清晰而又不必有太多的發(fā)揮，也不可漏內(nèi)容；
2.注意時態(tài)，善于把簡單句和復(fù)合句交替使用，以增強文章的可讀性，但盡量避免使用難詞難句。
三、范文賞讀：
假如你叫Michael，根據(jù)表格所提供的信息，寫一封信，把你老師對你的學習評價介紹給你的朋友John。詞數(shù)要求為80詞左右。
Mathhard-working
Englishdo well in listening and speaking
Sciencea little lazy
Historycan do better
Dear John,
How’s it going? I finish my end-of-year exams last week, and I got my report card today. My math teacher said I am hard-working. But my science teacher said I was a little lazy. And he also said I should work harder next term. The good news is my English teacher said I did well in listening and speaking. My history teacher told me I could do better.
What about you? Please write and tell me about yourself.
Yours,
Michael
點評：
上面的這篇習作格式正確，作者充分利用課本所學知識的整體疊加，中心突出，內(nèi)容充實。文章中的幾處錯誤也是我們同學們?nèi)菀追傅拿�，主要是詞語運用不當�？纯创蠹覍τ谶@幾處錯誤的認識如何？
�、賍__________________。
�、赺__________________。
例文誦讀：
假如你是Tom，請用英語給媽媽寫一封信，介紹一下你的學習情況。
Dear Mum,
I finished my end-of year exams last week and got my report card today. I always feel nervous when I got my report card, but luckily I did Ok this time. My Chinese teacher said I was the best in class, because I had a really hard time with it .But my worst report was from my math teacher. He said I was lazy. And my science teacher said I could do better. That’s all for my report card. Could you give me some advice ?
Best wishes.
Tom
小試牛刀：
John 是一位來自美國的交換生，他收到了班主任寄給他的期中評價報告單。假如你是John, 請你根據(jù)以下提示給在美國的父母寫封信，說說你的學習情況。（不少于80詞）
Name: John
Chinesehard-working
Mathcan do better
Englishwell done
Sciencevery poor
Historygood
P.E.not active enough
Dear Mum and Dad,
How’s it going at home? I got my report card today.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Well, that’s all about my studies for now!
Yours
John
Grade _______________ Date ____________________
糾正：__________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Unit 5 If you go to the party ,
you will have a great time !
一、單元分析
本單元是以“參加聚會”為話題，學習 if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。在Section A中，涉及了三個話題：話題一：以不同的方式去參加聚會會出現(xiàn)的各種結(jié)果。話題二：在各種可能的時間舉行一次班級聚會會出現(xiàn)的各種結(jié)果。話題三：在參加End of Year Party時如果不遵守聚會規(guī)則會出現(xiàn)的各種結(jié)果。Section B部分是知識的拓展和語言綜合運用。該部分涉及了兩個主要話題：加入或不加入專業(yè)足球隊會出現(xiàn)的各種結(jié)果和是否成為一名專業(yè)運動員會出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。并且從第二個話題延伸到寫作訓(xùn)練。在Self check部分拓展了一些和日常生活緊密相關(guān)的話題，通過討論這些話題對if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法進一步加以鞏固。
重要詞匯：flower, against, chance, tonight, window, explain, improve，
take the bus, go to college, stay at home, ride my bike, ice cream, happy, famous
重要句子：
1. If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time .
2. Don’t bring …If you do , …
3. Remember to bring …
4. Please take…away.
5. Please turn…on/off.
二。寫法指導(dǎo)
主題寫作：本單元主要是用if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句來談?wù)撐磥淼挠媱潯?br />
寫作思路： 此類作文針對性比較強，要針對對方所遇的實際情況進行分析。
1.首先目標要明確，緊扣話題。
2. 要用對方能夠接受的語言來描述，達到建議的目的。
3. 用最明了的語言，最順暢自然地詞、句、段去表達中心思想，貫穿材料。
三。 范文賞讀
基礎(chǔ)達標篇：There will be an English party from 5pm to 9 pm on Friday. You can come to the party with your friend. Here are some rules you must remember. Don’t bring food and drinks to the party. Don’t leave during the party. You mustn’t wear jeans. If you wear jeans, we won’t let you in. And please bring your ID card.
點評：
上面的這篇習作作者充分利用課本所學知識的整體疊加，中心突出，內(nèi)容充實。充分練習了if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。
優(yōu)秀篇：
Maybe I’ll become a teacher. If I become a teacher, I’ll work with children. I love children, so I’ll be happy. I will also be able to work outside sometimes. But I won’t be famous.
Maybe I’ll be a lawyer. If I become a lawyer. I’ll be able to help people. But I won’t be able to work outside and I won’t be able to work with children. I think I’ll be a teacher!
Maybe I'll become a doctor. If I become a doctor, I'll work with people who need help. I can help them ,so I'll be really happy.
四。 小試牛刀：
想一想以后如果你有了錢，你會用這些錢干什么？請根據(jù)所給的提示詞，展開聯(lián)想，以If I have a lot of money為題寫一篇短文。
提示詞匯：1.travel around the world
2.a big house, parents, a happy life, buy a car
3.charity, help poor students, go to school, get an education
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Grade _______________ Date ____________________
糾正：_____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
八下Unit6 How long have you been collecting shells ?
一、單元分析
本單元的主要內(nèi)容是圍繞“談?wù)撊藗冏瞿呈鲁掷m(xù)多長時間”和“談?wù)撊藗兊臉I(yè)余愛好”這兩個話題，設(shè)計了相關(guān)的語言情境。并提供了運用現(xiàn)在完成進行時所進行的聽、說、讀、寫的一系列練習，進一步強化了這一語法項目。通過聽、說、讀、寫的活動，談?wù)撊藗兊臉I(yè)余愛好以及談?wù)撌詹啬澄锒嚅L時間，對現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)的運用能力進行了綜合訓(xùn)練，有助于創(chuàng)造性的掌握運用現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)的能力。
重點詞匯：collect, marathon, skate, pair, since, raise, several, stamp, kite, anyone, store, cake, coin, be interested in, thousand, quite, miss
重點句型：- How long have you been skating?
-I’ve been skating since nine o’clock.
-When did you start skating?
-I started skating at nine o’clock.
二。教師指導(dǎo)
1.寫作指導(dǎo)
本單元練習寫開放性的作文，主要是運用現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)談?wù)摌I(yè)余愛好以及愛好習慣持續(xù)的時間。在寫這樣的文章時，首先要確定寫作要點，即通過分析收藏愛好的情況來構(gòu)思文章。然后盡量使用自己熟悉的詞、詞組及句子來表達以保證語法邏輯的正確性和語言的簡潔性。
2.寫作語法
本單元涉及到的語法是現(xiàn)在完成進行時，即have\has been doing 表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。常與since\for 連用。寫作時一定注意：since 跟過去的時間點，for 跟時間段。例如：
I’ve been skating since I was seven years old.
I’ve been skating for seven years.
3.精彩好句
1） Everyone has a hobby . My hobby is collecting…/ doing sports…
2） I like …because ……
3） That can make me relax and feel happy.
4） I think doing sports is really a great hobby.
5） I have been …ing … for …
三。參考范文
1.賞讀糾錯
�。种锌迹┱堃訫y Hobby 為題寫一篇短文，說說你的愛好是什么？
你為什么喜歡它？以及它對你的生活和學習產(chǎn)生了什么樣的影響？
要求：語句通順，合乎邏輯。詞數(shù)60-80.
My Hobby
My hobby is do ① sports. I used to be a little weak. Now I’m stronger because of doing sports. I have been doing sports ② 2 years. And I became interested ③ different kinds of sports, such as running, swimming and playing ball games. I’ve been exercise ④ for at least half an hour every day. I’m glad that I am getting healthier and healthier.
Whenever I feel tired and stressed ⑤ , I do sports. Doing sports can make me relax and feel happy. Then I can study better. Doing sports is really a great hobby.
點評：
上面的這篇習作正文的文章格式正確，作者充分利用課本所學知識的整體疊加，中心突出，內(nèi)容充實。文章中的5處錯誤也是我們同學們?nèi)菀追傅拿。饕窃~語運用不當�？纯创蠹覍τ谶@幾處錯誤的認識如何？
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.例文誦讀：
下面是學校報刊的招聘廣告，要求已經(jīng)以問題的形式提出，假如你是Bob，根據(jù)表格內(nèi)容寫一封應(yīng)聘信，注意時態(tài)用法。
Writer wanted
The school newspaper needs a writer. We will give you free topics to different things. To get the job, please answer these four questions:
1. How long have you been listening to music videos?
2. How long have you been watching English movies?
3. How long have you been watching sports?
4. How long have you been working as a writer?
5. How long have you been reading English newspaper?
6. How long have you been writing in English?
Name Q1Q2Q3Q4Q5Q6
Bob 七歲大時兩年前大約五年三年前半年2007
Bob Seven years OldTwo years AgoAbout five yearsThree years AgoHalf a year2007
Dear Editor,
I am interested in the writer job. I have been listening to music videos since I was seven years old. I have been watching English movies since two years ago. I have been watching sports for about five years. I have been working as a writer since three years ago. I have been reading English newspaper for half an year. And I have been writing in English since 2007. I love writing. And I hope I can be a writer for our school newspaper.
Yours sincerely,
Bob
點評：
上面這篇習作正文格式正確，句型語法運用得當，內(nèi)容充實，行文流暢，是一篇佳作，可圈可點的地方很多。具體來看，題目中的6個問題文章中都有具體回答，且正確的使用了現(xiàn)在完成進行時；另外個別單詞、詞組的使用是文章的亮點，如be interested in, since，for 的使用。
四、小試牛刀
Nick的美國筆友Bob向他詢問他和妹妹Linda的業(yè)余愛好。假如你是Nick，請根據(jù)下面的表格給Bob寫一封信介紹一下。詞數(shù)：60-80（開頭與結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)中）。
People Hobby How longHow many
Nick Collecting shells For five years About 220
Linda Collecting movie ticketsSince she was ten years old More than 350
Dear Bob,
I’d like to tell you about our hobbies.
Can you tell us about your hobby?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Nick
Grade _______________ Date ____________________
糾正：______________________________________________________________
Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music？
一、單元分析
1.本單元圍繞“請求及歉意”這一話題展開教學，學習婉轉(zhuǎn)提出請人幫忙的請求方式以及在生活中遇到不順心不如意的事情生氣的時候提出的請別人幫忙，以此培養(yǎng)學生交際能力。
本單元是在已學習Could you please sweep the floor?請求別人幫忙的基礎(chǔ)上進一步提升請人幫忙的請求方式，運用Would you mind…？和Could you please……？進行課堂交際以及用便條的方式請求別人幫助。Section A運用would, could句型來表示有禮貌的請求和will表示未來的計劃。Section B學會談?wù)撟约鹤顭┬氖�，以及學會對他人最煩心的是進行調(diào)查。Self-check 學會了解西方文化的內(nèi)涵。
2.重點詞匯： right away, wait in line ,cut in line ,break the rule, put out, keep……down, pick …… up
3.主要句型：
�。�1）。Would you please…？ You should……
�。�2）。 Could you please……？
�。�3）。 Would you mind……？
�。�4）。 Would you mind not……？
�。�5）。 P lease remember ……
�。�6）。Thank you very much.
二、教師指導(dǎo)
A:主題寫作：本單元我們要寫一張便條。
寫作思路：便條包括留言，請假條，證明等。寫時要注意以下幾點：
1. 日期要寫在右上角，但不必要像寫信那樣繁瑣，只需寫清月日期或星期幾即可，也可省略。
2.稱呼應(yīng)寫在第二行，頂格寫，稱呼可以比較隨便。
3.正文要另起一行。用詞通俗易懂，一般比較口語化，簡單明了，寫明情況即可。要注意若是請人幫忙或是請假，要語氣委婉。
4.署名一般只寫留言人的姓名即可。如果是請假條，則要署名正式些，一般表示尊重。
B: 注意事項：
1.本單元主要以便條的形式向別人抱怨某事或請求別人不要做某事或做某事。
2.語氣委婉，詞句簡潔，盡量避免應(yīng)酬語和各種敬詞
3.切忌內(nèi)容空洞、言不達意。
三。 范文賞讀：
�。�1）Tony明天和父母去度假，他給朋友李雷留言。請求李雷幫助照顧一下他的家。內(nèi)容包括，照看寵物，澆花等等。
Dear Li Lei,
My parents and I are going on vacation tomorrow. I need your help. Could you please help me to take care of my house? Could you please clean the house and water the flowers? I have a pet dog, you know. Would you mind feeding and bathing him when I’m out? You can take him for a walk and give him some water every evening.
Thank you very much.
教師點評：
本文為一則便條，格式正確，主題明確，要點全面。能準確運用表達請求的各種句式。無語法錯誤，且行文流暢，過度自然，稱得上是一篇佳作。
�。�2）例文誦讀：
Betty 的媽媽臨時有事外出，她要給 Betty 留個便條。請根據(jù)以下要點提示，代 Betty 的 媽媽完成便條。 要點提示：
1. 爸爸這幾天工作繁忙，媽媽要去市里參加一個重要會議；
2. 下午放學后去超市購買一些食物和水果；
3. 明天上午 10 點，去火車站接叔叔和堂妹；
4. 媽媽明天 11 點左右到家做飯。
要求：語句通順，60 詞左右。
Dear Betty,
Your dad is busy working these days. I’ll be at an important meeting in the city. Would you mind going to the supermarket and buying some food and fruit after school this afternoon? Could you please meet your uncle and cousin at the train station at 10 tomorrow morning? You can take a taxi. I’ll be back tomorrow around 11. I’ll cook when I’m back.
See you soon!
Love, Mom
四。小試牛刀：
Bill正在睡懶覺，他父親在桌子上留了張便條，結(jié)合下圖，完成便條中的內(nèi)容。
I’m leaving home, I’m going home at nine this evening. I need your help.
1. Would you mind____________________________?
2. Could you please____________________________?
3. Please____________________________ at half past eight.
4. ____________________________ mending my bike?
5. Could you help me with____________________________?
6. You have to____________________________.
If you finish these tasks, you can play computer games and watch TV.
Love,
Dad.
Grade _______________ Date ____________________
糾正：__________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Unit8 Why don’t you get her a scarf ?
一、單元分析
本單元圍繞“談?wù)摱Y物”這一話題而展開，涉及到的語言目標是比較品質(zhì)，語法是情態(tài)動詞should，現(xiàn)在完成時以及How/What about…？ Why don’t you…？ 等句型。Section A是語言的基本內(nèi)容，是語言的輸入呈現(xiàn)階段。1a、1b和1c分別是看、聽、說的任務(wù)型環(huán)節(jié)，均圍繞1a中的卡通畫而展開。2a、2b是同一材料內(nèi)容的聽力部分，但任務(wù)不同。先討論2a、2b的聽力材料，在此基礎(chǔ)上，再由學生結(jié)對練習2c的句型結(jié)構(gòu)。在3a的學習中，區(qū)分現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時，讓學生在使用過程中區(qū)分這兩種時態(tài)的不同。3b是3a內(nèi)容的鞏固和練習。Section B是在談?wù)摱Y物的基礎(chǔ)上，涉及到寵物的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，是Section A的繼續(xù)和鞏固，是綜合的語言運用和知識的擴展部分。
重點詞匯：scarf, calendar, photo album, necklace, CD, camera, dictionary等物體名詞；turtle, mouse, spider, snake, hamster, rabbit, pot-bellied pig 等動物名詞，以及expensive, cheap, boring, interesting, personal, friendly, scary, beautiful
重點句型：----What should I get …？
----How about a CD?
----No, that’s too expensive.
----What’s the best present you have ever received?
----A bike.
二。 教師指導(dǎo)
a. 本單元的寫作指導(dǎo)：本單元主要是學習一些有關(guān)物品質(zhì)量的詞，學會比較物品的質(zhì)量，并學會談?wù)摱Y物，發(fā)表個人觀點，禮貌的向別人提出建議。在寫這樣的文章時，首先要確定寫作要點，即通過分析物品來向別人提出建議。盡量使用自己熟悉的詞、詞組及句子來表達以保證語法邏輯的正確性和語言的簡潔性。
b.常用句型：
�。�1） The best present I have ever received is…
我曾經(jīng)收到的最好的禮物是…
�。�2） I think it is bad for…
�。�3） What about…？
�。�4） Why don’t you…？
�。�5） That’s too…
c.本單元體裁的寫作指導(dǎo)：本單元的寫作要求需要注意的問題：我們要抓住寫作任務(wù)中的要點，有針對性地扣題寫作，結(jié)合本單元話題的要求，寫成議論文是最好的選擇。要寫好議論文 <http://lw.3edu.net/>，必須注意以下幾點：
1.確定論點，論點通常在文章的第一段提出。
2.要有足夠的論據(jù)，可以列舉生活的實例。
3.論證要有嚴密的邏輯性，所有事實、原因、理由應(yīng)緊密地同結(jié)論連接起來。
4.層次要清楚。
5.態(tài)度誠懇、友好，因為議論文 <http://lw.3edu.net/>重在說理，以理服人，委婉的提出建議。如：Why don’t you…？
6.論據(jù)要充分，欲證明自己的觀點必須有充分的證據(jù)。作者可以列舉事實、展示數(shù)據(jù)、提供事例、借助常識或利用親身經(jīng)歷。
三、范文賞讀：
1. 近年來，一些學生在過生日的時候，舉辦大型的生日派對，這可能會帶來一些問題。請根據(jù)提示內(nèi)容，用英語寫一篇短文。
問題：1）花費許多錢，家庭不富裕的同學感到煩惱；
2） 浪費時間，不利于學習；
3） 容易染上抽煙， 喝酒的惡習。
建議：… …
寫作要求：所給提示內(nèi)容必須全部用上，并適當發(fā)揮，詞數(shù)在80個左右。
In recent years, some students hold big birthday parties to celebrate their birthdays. I think it is not the best way to celebrate one’s birthday.
First, you will spend much money and the students from poor families may be worried about that. Second, it will also waste a lot of time. It is bad for your study, too. Then, some of the students may get in bad habits, such as smoking, drinking wines .
Why not celebrate your birthday with your friends by going hiking or fishing or doing other things? I think it’s a good way for us to celebrate our birthday by giving paper cards as birthday presents. As students, we should spend our money and time on study.
點評：
上面的這篇習作正文的文章格式正確，作者確定了主題思想，正確表達了生日派對的負面影響，用別人能接受的語言委婉的提出了這樣做的弊端，并適當給別人提供了一些建議。
從本文的寫作中我們應(yīng)當借鑒到這樣的經(jīng)驗，在日常學習中我們要對知識點有更好地掌握，以免在寫作中出現(xiàn)不該出現(xiàn)的錯誤，運用自己所熟悉的短語與句型去組成一篇屬于自己的文章是成功的關(guān)鍵。同時文章中的細節(jié)寫得更為細化，會使文章更有可讀性。
佳句欣賞：
I think it is not the best way to celebrate one’s birthday.
我認為那不是慶祝生日的最好方式。
It is bad for your study, too.
那也不易于你的學習
Why not celebrate your birthday with your friends by going hiking or fishing or doing other things?
為什么不和你的朋友去遠足或者釣魚或者去做些其他的事情來慶祝生日呢？
2.請根據(jù)以下要點提示，以“The best gift I have ever received”為題寫一篇短文。
要點提示：
1）When did you receive the gift?
2） Who gave it to you? Why did he/she buy you the gift?
3） Why do you like it? Introduce the gift.
要求：語句通順，70詞左右。
The best gift I have ever received
The best gift I have ever received is a camera. It is red. It looks nice. I received it from my dad on my 13th birthday. He knew I love taking photos, so he bought the camera for me . When I traveled with my parents or friends, I would bring the camera with me. I took lots of photos during the travels. The pictures would help me remember those interesting things!
四、小試牛刀：
假如你是Tina，是某電視臺英語頻道“School English”欄目的忠實觀眾，請根據(jù)下列信息給該欄目的主持人Tom寫一封英文信，并表達你對該節(jié)目的良好祝愿。
優(yōu)點：1. 內(nèi)容豐富（有故事，游戲，英文歌曲等）；
2.有利于提高英語水平（詞匯量，聽說能力）；
3.能了解更多的外國文化。
不足：1. 語速有點快；
2.每周只播出兩次。
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Unit9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?
一。單元分析
本單元圍繞談?wù)撨^去的經(jīng)歷，學習使用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。通過對學生們喜聞樂見的一些娛樂場所（fun places）的描述，反復(fù)運用句型Have you ever been to…？ I’ve never been to… 來激發(fā)他們使用本單元所學單詞的興趣。教材中提供的所有活動都以現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)為中心，通過一系列的聽、說、讀、寫的訓(xùn)練，來加深對現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的理解，明白英漢兩種語言在結(jié)構(gòu)及表達方法的一些異同點，從而提高他們運用所學語言的綜合能力。
重點詞匯：neither, island, especially,discover,quarter,population,
natural,wake up,end up,all year round
重點句型：
1.--Have you ever been to an amusement park?
--Yes,I have./ No, I haven’t.
2.Have you ever been to an English- speaking country?
3.I decided that the best way to do this was to become a flight attendant.
4.Maybe when I leave school I’ll think about becoming an English teacher rather than a tour guide!
二。 教師指導(dǎo)
a. 本單元的寫作指導(dǎo)：本單元主要是培養(yǎng)學生恰當運用現(xiàn)在完成時介紹你曾經(jīng)去過的地方。描述過去的經(jīng)歷是同學們較為熟悉的話題，此話題較為開放，同學們在談?wù)撨^去做過的事情時，可以聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在，也可以討論未來。
1. 注意時態(tài)的運用。寫此類短文一般用現(xiàn)在完成時，一般過去式，有時也會用到一般將來時。
2.選材要典型。寫作時注意所選取的素材應(yīng)具有典型性，并且是同學們比較熟悉的事情，這樣能產(chǎn)生共鳴。
3.在寫作時要按一定順序來寫。短文層次要清晰，語句要通順。
b.常用句型：
1. I went to …
2. It was a … place that I have ever visited .
3. I fell in love with …
4. I hope I can ……
三、范文賞讀
�。�1）請根據(jù)以下要點提示，并結(jié)合自己的經(jīng)驗寫一篇短文，給同學們推薦一處旅游目的地。
提示：
1. What place are you going to visit？
2. Have you been there before?
3. Why do you like this place?
4. Who do you want to travel with? And when?
要求：語句通順，70個單詞左右。
I think Beijing is a good place to visit. I have been there with my family. We all enjoyed ourselves there. There are lots of attractions in Beijing. I’m interested in anything about history. So I especially like the Palace Museum. We went there in the morning and spent the whole day there. I’m planning to visit there again with my pen pal Tina this autumn.
上面的這篇文章格式正確，作者充分利用了課本所學知識。中心突出，內(nèi)容充實。文章中的幾處句子我們可以借鑒。如： 1.I think Beijing is a good place to visit . 此句中要注意a good place to visit , 其中to visit 為a good place 的后置定語。
2. We enjoyed ourselves there . 此句應(yīng)注意enjoy oneself 玩的高興。
3. I’m interested in anything about history. 此句中要注意對…感興趣：be interested in
4. I’m planning to visit there again 注意plan的用法 plan to do sth : 計劃做某事。
改進的建議，從本文的寫作中我們應(yīng)當借鑒到這樣的經(jīng)驗，在日常學習中我們要對知識點有更好地掌握，以免在寫作中出現(xiàn)不該出現(xiàn)的錯誤，運用自己所熟悉的短語與句型去組成一篇屬于自己的文章是成功的關(guān)鍵。同時文章中的細節(jié)寫得更為細化，會使文章更有可讀性。
�。�2）例文誦讀
Have you ever been to Xi’an where I was born and grew up? It’s one of the most famous ancient cities in China as well as in the world. It is in Northwest China and was originally called Chang’an. There are many places of historical interest, for example, the Greater Wild Goose Pagoda. Xi’an is a modern industrial city. There are many beautiful parks, shops, roads and museums of different kinds. You may enjoy the cultural features of the city and buy whatever you need at the same time.
四。小試牛刀
請用英語寫一篇短文來介紹你游歷過的城市或風景點，你對它有什么深刻的印象。80詞左右。請參考以下提示詞：
travel,traffic,friendly,buildings,foreigner,tour guide,tidy,
comfortable
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Unit 10 It’s a nice day, isn’t it?
一、單元分析
本單元的語言功能項目是“Make small talk” ，涉及到的語法是
“反意疑問句”和“Thank-you note”的形式和內(nèi)容。
Section A是語言功能的初步呈現(xiàn)和輸入階段。通過“呈現(xiàn)-展示-講解-理解-操練-運用”這幾個環(huán)節(jié)，循序漸進，從而達到對反意疑問句這一語法現(xiàn)象的認識。Section B是本單元語言功能項目“Small talk”的再現(xiàn)、鞏固，以及語言的綜合知識的擴展部分。3a是“Thank-you note”的示范展示，體現(xiàn)了語言的綜合運用，3b和3c是“Thank-you note”的操練、模仿和運用，鼓勵學生進行大膽的語言運用和輸出。
重要詞匯：
at noon ,look through, cross, low, slow ,take notes, come along, get along, at least ,traffic
重要句子：
It’s really windy today, isn’t it ? Yes, it is.
The No.15 bus stops here, doesn’t it ? Yes, it does.
Do you think it’ll stop by noon ?
Their prices are really low, aren’t they ?
So, tell me about yourself.
Sometimes it isn’t easy being the new kid at school.
Thank you so much for inviting me.
I feel like part of the group now.
I was having a hard time finding it until you came along.
Friends like you make it a lot easier to get along in a new place.
I’ll think of you as we watch the Black Socks win the game.
I’m sorry I had to leave early.
Be careful to look both ways before you cross the street.
二、教師指導(dǎo)
a. 寫作指導(dǎo)：
感謝信是感謝對方給自己的某種關(guān)懷，幫助，照顧或勉勵等的專用書信。本單元主要是培養(yǎng)學生恰當?shù)剡\用Thank-you note來表達“謝謝”這一語言功能項目，增強學生綜合運用語言的能力。
注意事項：
1.感謝信的格式與其他書信相同，由標題，稱呼，正文，結(jié)尾，署名和日期構(gòu)成。一般同學或平輩之間的感謝信較為隨意，由稱呼和署名構(gòu)成即可。
2.正文內(nèi)容一般由三部分構(gòu)成：一要寫出感謝理由；二是贊揚對方；三是表明自己向?qū)Ψ綄W習的決心。
3.內(nèi)容要簡明，具體，感情要真誠。
b.常用句型：
----It’s a nice day, isn’t it?
----Yes, it is. I really love hot weather.
----You’re Jenny’s friend, aren’t you?
----Yes, I am.
Thanks for the tickets for next week’s game.
I really enjoyed meeting your family .
It’s nice of you …
This made me feel …
三、范文賞讀：
�。�1）基礎(chǔ)達標篇：
你生日那天，Tony送給你兩張流行音樂會的門票，你見到了自己最喜歡的歌星，度過了一個愉快的晚上。為此你用英語給Tony寫了一封Thank-you note。
Dear Tony,
Thanks for the tickets to today’s pop concert. This is the best birthday gift I have received. I went there with my mother. Do you know who we have seen? We’ve seen David Tao and Jay Chow! How happy I was! You know they are my favorite singers. They sang many beautiful songs tonight. I was so excited and sometimes I sang along with them. I had a great time this evening.
點評：本文熟練運用所學知識點和熟悉的短語與句型組織語言并且細化細節(jié)，使文章具有較高的可讀性。
�。�2）優(yōu)秀提升篇：
Dear Eric,
How time flies ! I have been back from France for nearly two weeks . I was so lucky that I had a chance to take part in the summer camp and live with your family. I enjoyed myself in your home . Thank you for taking care of me . I really miss all of you .
I am sorry l left my digital camera in your house . Would you mind sending it to me ? I hope you and your parents can come to China . And there are also many places of interest in Beijing , such as the Great Wall , the Summer Palace . I’d like to show you around.
I’m looking forward to your coming .
Yours,
Xiao Cong
四、小試牛刀：
假設(shè)你是Jim , 請根據(jù)以下情況寫一封感謝信。上周五踢球時，你的腿受傷了，是李雷幫助了你。為了表示感謝，邀請李雷下周日到你家做客。
要求格式正確，內(nèi)容清楚完整，語言通順，80詞左右。
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